【摘要】：地震是一種危害性極大的自然現象,其發(fā)生過程具有隨機性和不可預測性,級別較大地震瞬間釋放能量值,將會直接造成房屋倒塌和地理地貌改變,給人民群眾生產生活帶來巨大影響。吉林省延邊朝鮮族自治州,地處全球地震活動最強烈的環(huán)太平洋地震帶上,地質構造復雜,是我國大陸唯一深源地震、淺源地震和火山活動共存地,境內已查明斷裂帶有13條,其中11條沿斷裂帶發(fā)生過中強地震或震群活動,可見對于吉林省延邊地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)房屋抗震性調查和房屋改造設計,具有較強理論和實踐意義,一方面能夠完善和改造鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)居民危房,有效保障人民群眾生產生活,另一方面假設發(fā)生地震,通過房屋改造性設計,有效降低社會物質財務損失。本文主要工作如下：1、對延吉地區(qū)部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)進行抽樣實地走訪和問卷調查,調研地區(qū)包括3個市9個鎮(zhèn)：延邊州的琿春市、和龍市、龍井市,以及三市下轄哈達門鎮(zhèn)、敬信鎮(zhèn)、馬滴達鎮(zhèn)；南平鎮(zhèn)、古城里鄉(xiāng)、蘆果鎮(zhèn)；開山屯、三河鎮(zhèn)、白金鎮(zhèn)。調研地區(qū)概況進行描述,進行鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)建筑房屋材料的選擇和建筑結構特點分析,同時,將調研實際走訪情況和問卷,進行數據整理和統(tǒng)計作,為下一步抗震結構性能分析提供先驗性知識積累。2、地震破壞作用機理主要源于推動地面運動,使得建筑物無法承受慣性力,而導致建筑物破壞。通過仿真平臺進行建筑物結構建模,利用模擬地震作用下的地震波,研究建筑結構動力學性能、結構破損情況,已經得到很多研究人員認可。對所選延邊地區(qū)3市6鎮(zhèn)調查結果基礎上,選擇鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)近期建設的雙層砌體和混凝土框架結構為研究對象,選取材料應力—應變關系及破壞原則。建立有限元仿真建筑物住宅實體模型,利用建筑結構動力學分析方法,確定建筑特征參數、結構模態(tài)、地震反映譜模型,進行相關筑物砌體和框架結構動力學分析,得出地震作用下兩種建筑結構動力學結果。3、針對所調查延邊地區(qū)磚砌體和鋼筋混凝土結構,通過仿真地震波譜動力學分析,從分析結果可知,該地區(qū)雙層磚砌體建筑結構,不能滿足抗震設計防護標準。在結構設計上存在一定不足。針對磚砌體建筑結構所存在問題,進行相應改造設計,使其滿足抗震規(guī)范相關要求。首先,對延邊鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)砌體結構存在不符合相應規(guī)范地方進行描述,其次,研究砌體結構布局上采用合理設計,再次,進行砌體結構屋頂桁架改進設計,最后,對所提出磚砌體改造新結構,實現基于地震波譜動力學分析,驗證所提出相應改進措施和設計方案合理性。
[Abstract]:Earthquake is a very harmful natural phenomenon, its occurrence process has randomness and unpredictability, larger earthquake instantaneous release of energy value, will directly cause the collapse of houses and geographical and geomorphologic changes. It has brought great influence to the people's production and life. Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province, is located in the Pacific Rim seismic belt with the strongest seismicity in the world. Its geological structure is complex, and it is the only deep source earthquake on the mainland of China. Shallow earthquakes and volcanic activities coexist. 13 faults have been identified within the territory. Eleven of them have occurred moderate strong earthquakes or earthquake swarm activities along the fault zone, so it is of great theoretical and practical significance for the investigation of earthquake resistance of houses in towns and villages in Yanbian area, Jilin Province, and the design of houses transformation. On the one hand, it can improve and reform the dilapidated houses of township residents, effectively guarantee the people's production and life, on the other hand, assume that an earthquake will occur, and effectively reduce the material and financial losses of the society by means of house reconstruction design. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. Sampling field visits and questionnaires were conducted in some towns in Yanji region. The survey areas included three cities and nine towns: Hunchun City in Yanbian Prefecture, Helong City, Longjing City, and Hadamen Town under the jurisdiction of three cities. The town of Jingxin, the town of Matida; Nanping Town, Ancient City Lixiang, Luguo Town; Kaishantun, Sanhe Town, Platinum Town. The general situation of the investigation area is described, and the selection of building materials and the analysis of the characteristics of the building structure are carried out. At the same time, the actual visit and questionnaire are investigated, the data are sorted out and the statistics are made. Second, the mechanism of earthquake damage is mainly caused by driving the ground movement, which makes the building unable to bear the inertia force, which leads to the damage of the building. 2) the seismic failure mechanism is mainly derived from the driving force of the ground, which makes the building unable to bear the inertia force. It has been recognized by many researchers that the dynamic performance and damage of building structure are studied by simulating the seismic wave under earthquake by simulating the building structure modeling through the simulation platform. On the basis of the investigation results of three cities and six towns in Yanbian area, the double-layer masonry and concrete frame structure constructed recently in towns and villages are selected as the research objects, and the stress-strain relationship of materials and the failure principle are selected. The finite element simulation model of residential buildings is established, and the dynamic analysis method of building structure is used to determine the characteristic parameters, structural modes and seismic response spectrum models of buildings, and the dynamic analysis of related building masonry and frame structures is carried out. The dynamic results of two kinds of building structures under earthquake action are obtained. 3. According to the investigation of brick masonry and reinforced concrete structures in Yanbian area, through simulating seismic spectrum dynamics analysis, the results show that the double-layer brick masonry structures in Yanbian area are the two-layer brick masonry structures in this area. Can not meet the anti-seismic design protection standards. There are some deficiencies in structural design. Aiming at the problems existing in brick masonry structure, the corresponding modification design is carried out to make it meet the relevant requirements of seismic code. First of all, it describes the existence of masonry structure in Yanbian township which does not conform to the corresponding specifications. Secondly, the rational design of masonry structure layout is studied, and then, the improved design of masonry structure roof truss is carried out. Finally, the design of masonry structure roof truss is improved. Based on the dynamic analysis of seismic spectrum, the corresponding improvement measures and the rationality of the design scheme are verified for the new structure of brick masonry proposed in this paper.
【學位授予單位】：吉林建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU352.11

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