【摘要】：近年來,錢塘江流域城市飲用水水源安全問題越來越受到社會(huì)各方的關(guān)注。如杭州市,先是開展錢塘江飲用水源地綜合整治工作,接著啟動(dòng)將閑林水庫(kù)作為備用水庫(kù)的工程建設(shè),然后將新安江飲水工程列入杭州市“十二五”投資建設(shè)水利工程重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目之一,可見杭州主城區(qū)飲用水水源安全形勢(shì)的嚴(yán)峻性。如何確保飲用水水源的安全,以保障錢塘江流域的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,這是一個(gè)亟待深入研究的課題。 本文通過對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究成果及其已有法律法規(guī)、管理體制的梳理,首次從長(zhǎng)時(shí)段視角對(duì)錢塘江流域城市飲用水原水的歷史變遷進(jìn)行研究,提出要從根本上解決該流域飲用水安全問題,當(dāng)務(wù)之急是從流域整體性出發(fā),建立流域水資源管理機(jī)構(gòu),構(gòu)建錢塘江流域飲用水水源公共安全體系。 首先,本文發(fā)現(xiàn)該流域城市飲用水原水及供水方式經(jīng)歷了三次重大變遷：一是以江水(溪水、河水)、井水、湖水為主要飲用水的分散式取水；二是以江水為主要原水的集中式供水；三是以水庫(kù)水和新安江、富春江、錢塘江江水為原水的集中式供水。三次變遷與該流域經(jīng)濟(jì)與城市拓展、居民居住空間與生活方式改變、水污染日益嚴(yán)重密切相關(guān)。其次,本文認(rèn)為指出該流域城市飲用水水源面臨的主要問題：一是飲用水原水單一與備用水源問題；二是水資源配置問題；三是水源環(huán)境污染問題；四是水源地生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制問題；五是突發(fā)性水危機(jī)問題；六是流域管理體制問題。最后,本文就解決該流域城市飲用水水源安全問題,從四個(gè)方面提出對(duì)策：一是學(xué)習(xí)借鑒美國(guó)、英國(guó)及其歐洲一些國(guó)家水流域管理經(jīng)驗(yàn),從流域整體性出發(fā),打破行政區(qū)劃管理權(quán)限,完善錢塘江流域水資源管理體制,建議建立錢塘江流域水資源委員會(huì)或調(diào)整現(xiàn)有錢塘江管理局職能,建立長(zhǎng)效管理應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制；二是構(gòu)建錢塘江流域飲用水水源公共安全體系,建設(shè)飲用水水源公共安全數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),培育居民的可持續(xù)公共安全理念；三是進(jìn)一步完善錢塘江流域飲用水水源保護(hù)法律制度；四是目前需要迫切解決的幾個(gè)具體問題,包括備用水源的建設(shè)、飲用水水源環(huán)境污染治理、錢塘江流域產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)劃等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the safety of urban drinking water sources in Qiantang River Basin. For example, in Hangzhou, first, the comprehensive renovation of the Qiantang River drinking water source was carried out, and then the construction of the project using the Yulin Reservoir as a reserve reservoir was initiated. Then the drinking water project of Xinanjiang River is included in one of the key projects of investment and construction of water conservancy projects in Hangzhou during the 12th five-year Plan. It can be seen that the safety situation of drinking water source in Hangzhou main urban area is serious. How to ensure the safety of drinking water source in order to ensure the sustainable development of Qiantang River Basin is a subject that needs to be studied in depth. This paper studies the historical changes of urban drinking water in Qiantang River basin from a long-term perspective by combing the domestic and foreign relevant research results, existing laws and regulations, and the management system for the first time. In order to solve the problem of drinking water safety in this basin, the urgent task is to set up the water resources management institution and construct the public safety system of drinking water source in Qiantang River basin from the point of view of the integrity of the basin. First of all, this paper found that the urban drinking water and the way of water supply have undergone three major changes: first, the main drinking water is river water (stream water, river water), well water, lake water as the main drinking water; The second is the centralized water supply with the river water as the main raw water, and the third is the centralized water supply with the reservoir water and the water from the Xinan River, the Fuchun River and the Qiantang River as the raw water. The three vicissitudes are closely related to the economic and urban expansion of the basin, the change of residents' living space and life style, and the increasingly serious water pollution. Secondly, this paper points out the main problems faced by urban drinking water sources in this basin: one is the problem of raw water of drinking water, the other is the allocation of water resources, the third is the pollution of water source environment, the other is the problem of water resources allocation. The fourth is the ecological compensation mechanism of the water source area; the fifth is the sudden water crisis; the other is the watershed management system. Finally, this paper puts forward countermeasures from four aspects to solve the problem of urban drinking water safety in this basin: first, learn from the experience of watershed management in the United States, Britain and some European countries, and start from the integrity of the basin. Break the administrative division management authority, perfect the Qiantang river basin water resources management system, propose to establish the Qiantang river basin water resources committee or adjust the existing Qiantang river administration function, establish the long-term management response mechanism; The second is to construct a public safety system for drinking water sources in the Qiantang River Basin, to build a public safety database for drinking water sources, to cultivate the concept of sustainable public safety for residents, and to further improve the legal system for the protection of drinking water sources in the Qiantang River Basin. The fourth is some specific problems that need to be solved urgently at present, including the construction of standby water source, the treatment of environmental pollution of drinking water source, the industrial structure planning of Qiantang River basin, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D63;TU991.15

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