三清山道教建筑遺產(chǎn)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-27 17:59
【摘要】：道教是中國(guó)唯一土生土長(zhǎng)的宗教,道教文化是中華文明重要的組成部分,道教思想是中華民族智慧的結(jié)晶。道教對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響：在神學(xué)、哲學(xué)方面填補(bǔ)了中國(guó)本土宗教的空白；在倫理學(xué)方面,融合拓展儒家以忠孝為主軸的三綱五常思想；在科學(xué)方面,煉丹術(shù)的研究推動(dòng)了中國(guó)古代科學(xué)的發(fā)展,推動(dòng)了火藥的發(fā)明；在醫(yī)學(xué)方面,道教也產(chǎn)生了除內(nèi)丹以外如服食、辟毅之類的養(yǎng)生之法；在文學(xué)方面,反映道教的內(nèi)容始終串聯(lián)在各朝各代的詩(shī)詞名篇之中；在音樂學(xué)方面,道教的齋醮音樂可謂獨(dú)成一派；在美術(shù)學(xué)方面,道教的壁畫、造像也有極高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值；在建筑學(xué)方面,道教建筑從發(fā)生發(fā)展到獨(dú)樹一幟,成為了中國(guó)古代建筑藝術(shù)的典型代表之一,道教名山青城山、武當(dāng)山也依靠獨(dú)特的道教建筑群列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。三清山是中國(guó)的道教名山,道教文化以三清山為載體經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的發(fā)展。三清山的道教遺存是三清山道教文化的精神載體,是中國(guó)道教建筑的露天博物館。三清山在2008年因獨(dú)特的花崗巖地貌入選了世界自然遺產(chǎn)名錄,俊秀的風(fēng)景令人心曠神怡,同時(shí)背后獨(dú)特的文化內(nèi)涵也不能丟失。三清山的建筑本身就是其文化遺產(chǎn)的實(shí)體,這些經(jīng)歷了自然界的風(fēng)雨蠶食,甚至是人為的破壞和社會(huì)的變遷而殘留的遺產(chǎn),正是我們研究歷史和文化的重要物證。在當(dāng)今我國(guó)的發(fā)展條件下,社會(huì)文化意識(shí)逐漸凸顯,對(duì)中國(guó)古典建筑的文化發(fā)掘也越來(lái)越重視。所以在這一點(diǎn)上研究國(guó)家保護(hù)的道教建筑具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,這樣可以加深人們對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)道教建筑的認(rèn)識(shí),從而對(duì)道教建筑的保存、保護(hù)起到一定的推動(dòng)作用。也希望通過道教建筑的研究,反應(yīng)出道教自身的深刻內(nèi)涵,使人們可以更加直觀的理解道教的文化與思想,起到弘揚(yáng)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的作用。更近一步而論,希望可以通過道教的教義教理,指導(dǎo)人們對(duì)于人與人、人與自然的相處方式,更好的達(dá)到社會(huì)和諧。隨著三清山入選世界自然遺產(chǎn)名錄,對(duì)三清山的文化遺產(chǎn)的探索也逐漸得到重視,但現(xiàn)在的研究保護(hù)成果并不多見,文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)工作任重道遠(yuǎn)。三清山突出價(jià)值不單體現(xiàn)在自然風(fēng)貌的俊美秀麗,獨(dú)特的文化價(jià)值也是重要的組成部分。道教建筑作為三清山道教文化的具象載體,歷經(jīng)幾代的建造修葺,融合了獨(dú)特的地方特色和傳統(tǒng)的道教建筑理念,使三清山的道教建筑遺產(chǎn)在多方面形成了自己獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)。它選址僻靜悠然之地,尋求親近天際,沾染仙風(fēng)。建筑風(fēng)格糅合儒、釋、道三教的建筑風(fēng)格,在展現(xiàn)道教建筑的形制時(shí),因時(shí)代和地域的影響,把南北兩派的建筑形式融合一體。最核心的價(jià)值體現(xiàn)在于整體建筑的精心布局,其布局的方式既符合傳統(tǒng)建筑風(fēng)格,做了線性的、軸對(duì)稱的處理,又根據(jù)“道法自然、天人合一”的道教理念,順應(yīng)地形需要,或低洼而造橋,或臨崖而建塔,或憑險(xiǎn)而砌臺(tái),或傍山而構(gòu)殿,巧妙自然的把環(huán)境和建筑融為一體。更為突出的文化內(nèi)涵體現(xiàn)在整體建筑群的八卦型構(gòu)圖。外圍有先天八卦布局的環(huán)境處理,使福地中心以試煉金丹的鼎爐架構(gòu)存在。內(nèi)部則用后天八卦的順應(yīng)自然與人類活動(dòng)的結(jié)合,以意象指點(diǎn)具象,從而升華道教主題。更具文化內(nèi)涵的是,通過依照玄空風(fēng)水學(xué)的研究,使三清山上的道教建筑單體的朝向符合理論實(shí)際,繼而揭示了三清山道教建筑的設(shè)計(jì)和建造的匠心獨(dú)運(yùn)。三清山的道教遺產(chǎn)建筑群是獨(dú)特的石構(gòu)建筑群,除三清宮為木石混筑之外,其他所有的建筑都是通體石構(gòu),完全由三清山本山的花崗巖雕鑿組合而成。這在整個(gè)中國(guó)的道教建筑體系中是極為罕見的。值得驚嘆的是,這些石構(gòu)的建筑不管大小,中間沒有任何粘接物,都純以暗槽、榫卯拼接,或用斗拱承托、組合,體現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)工匠的精湛技藝。通過與其他地區(qū)地形的不同道教建筑遺產(chǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,可見道教建筑整體有相似的形制可循,但又因道教派別眾多,道教建筑所屬派別的地位不同,加上地形地域的差異,道教建筑很難達(dá)到真正的形制統(tǒng)一。
[Abstract]:Taoism is the only one-born religion in China, and the Taoist culture is an important part of Chinese civilization, and the thought of Taoism is the crystallization of the Chinese wisdom. Taoism has a far-reaching influence on Chinese traditional culture: in theological and philosophical aspects, it fills the blank of the local religion of China; in the field of ethics, the three-dimensional and five-dimensional thoughts of the Confucian as the main axis are integrated and expanded; in the aspect of science, The study of alchemy has promoted the development of Chinese ancient science and promoted the invention of gunpowder. In the medical field, Taoism has also produced a method of preserving health, such as taking food and developing Yi, in addition to the internal dan; in the aspect of literature, the content of Taoism is always in series among the poems and famous poems of each generation; In the aspect of musicology, the music of the holy city of the Taoism is the only one; in the art of art, the mural of the Taoism and the image are also of great artistic value; in architecture, the Taoist architecture has developed from the development to the unique, and became one of the typical representatives of the ancient Chinese architectural art. The Taoist Mingshan Qingcheng Mountain and Wudang Mountain also rely on the unique Taoist complex to be listed in the list of the world cultural heritage. Sanqing Mountain is the famous mountain of Taoism in China. The Taoist culture has been developing for a long time on the basis of Sanqing Mountain. The Taoist legacy of Sanqing Mountain is the spiritual carrier of the Taoist culture of Sanqing Mountain, which is the open-air museum of the Chinese Taoist architecture. In 2008, Sanqing Mountain was selected as the world's natural heritage list because of the unique granite landforms, and the scenery of Junxiu was pleasant and the unique cultural connotation in the back could not be lost. The construction of Sanqing Mountain is an entity of its cultural heritage. These are the inheritance of the nature's wind and rain, even man-made destruction and the change of society. It is the important material evidence of our study of history and culture. Under the condition of the development of our country, the consciousness of the social culture is becoming more and more important, and the culture of the Chinese classical architecture is also paid more and more attention. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the Taoist architecture of the state protection at this point, which can deepen the understanding of the traditional Taoist architecture in China, so as to promote the preservation and protection of the Taoist architecture. It is also hoped that through the study of the Taoist architecture, the profound connotation of the Taoism itself can be reflected, so that people can understand the culture and the thought of the Taoism more intuitively, and play a role in promoting the traditional culture of China. More recently, it is hoped that the teachings of the Taoism will be adopted to guide the people to get along with the human and the human and nature, and to achieve social harmony. With the inclusion of Sanqing Mountain into the World's natural heritage list, the exploration of the cultural heritage of Sanqing Mountain has been paid more and more attention, but the research and protection achievements are rare, and the protection of cultural heritage is still a long way to go. The outstanding value of Sanqing Mountain is not the natural beauty of the natural scenery, and the unique cultural value is also an important part. As the carrier of the Taoist culture of Sanqing Mountain, the Taoist architecture, through the construction and construction of several generations, has fused the unique local characteristics and the traditional Taoist architectural concept, and made the Taoist architectural heritage of Sanqing Mountain in many ways formed its own unique characteristics. It is located in a quiet and quiet place, seeking to be close to the sky and to be contaminated with the wind. The architectural style is the architectural style of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and in the form of the Taoist architecture, the architectural form of the north and south is integrated as a whole due to the influence of the times and the region. The core value lies in the careful layout of the whole building, the way of its layout is not only the traditional architectural style, but also the linear and axisymmetric treatment, but also according to the Taoist idea of the "the combination of natural and human nature", to the terrain needs, or the low-lying to build a bridge, or to build a tower, or to build a tower, or to build a tower, Or the side of the mountain and the temple, and the ingenious nature of integrating the environment and the building. The more prominent cultural connotation is reflected in the Eight-Eight Diagrams of the whole complex. The periphery has the environmental treatment of the natural gossip layout, so that the center of the foreland is in the form of a test-refined gold-tin furnace. The interior is the combination of the natural and human activities of the day after the day, with the image pointing to the image, so that the theme of the Taoism is sublimed. The more cultural connotation is that the orientation of the Taoist architectural monomer on the Sanqing Mountain is in accordance with the theory, and then the design and construction of the Taoist architecture of Sanqing Mountain is revealed. The Taoist legacy complex of Sanqing Mountain is a unique stone structure, except that the Sanqing Palace is made of stone and stone, and all the other buildings are all stone structures, which are completely formed by the granite carving of the Sanqing Mountain. This is very rare in the entire Chinese Taoist architecture system. It is amazing that the buildings of the stone structure, no matter the size, have no adhesive in the middle, are pure in the dark groove, the base, or the bucket arch to support and combine, which reflects the exquisite skill of the craftsman at that time. Through the comparison between the different Taoist architectural heritage in other areas, it can be seen that the Taoist architecture is similar in shape, but because of the many Taoist schools and the different positions of the Taoist architecture, and the difference of the terrain region, the Taoist architecture is very difficult to achieve the true shape and unity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU252
本文編號(hào)：2431484
[Abstract]:Taoism is the only one-born religion in China, and the Taoist culture is an important part of Chinese civilization, and the thought of Taoism is the crystallization of the Chinese wisdom. Taoism has a far-reaching influence on Chinese traditional culture: in theological and philosophical aspects, it fills the blank of the local religion of China; in the field of ethics, the three-dimensional and five-dimensional thoughts of the Confucian as the main axis are integrated and expanded; in the aspect of science, The study of alchemy has promoted the development of Chinese ancient science and promoted the invention of gunpowder. In the medical field, Taoism has also produced a method of preserving health, such as taking food and developing Yi, in addition to the internal dan; in the aspect of literature, the content of Taoism is always in series among the poems and famous poems of each generation; In the aspect of musicology, the music of the holy city of the Taoism is the only one; in the art of art, the mural of the Taoism and the image are also of great artistic value; in architecture, the Taoist architecture has developed from the development to the unique, and became one of the typical representatives of the ancient Chinese architectural art. The Taoist Mingshan Qingcheng Mountain and Wudang Mountain also rely on the unique Taoist complex to be listed in the list of the world cultural heritage. Sanqing Mountain is the famous mountain of Taoism in China. The Taoist culture has been developing for a long time on the basis of Sanqing Mountain. The Taoist legacy of Sanqing Mountain is the spiritual carrier of the Taoist culture of Sanqing Mountain, which is the open-air museum of the Chinese Taoist architecture. In 2008, Sanqing Mountain was selected as the world's natural heritage list because of the unique granite landforms, and the scenery of Junxiu was pleasant and the unique cultural connotation in the back could not be lost. The construction of Sanqing Mountain is an entity of its cultural heritage. These are the inheritance of the nature's wind and rain, even man-made destruction and the change of society. It is the important material evidence of our study of history and culture. Under the condition of the development of our country, the consciousness of the social culture is becoming more and more important, and the culture of the Chinese classical architecture is also paid more and more attention. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the Taoist architecture of the state protection at this point, which can deepen the understanding of the traditional Taoist architecture in China, so as to promote the preservation and protection of the Taoist architecture. It is also hoped that through the study of the Taoist architecture, the profound connotation of the Taoism itself can be reflected, so that people can understand the culture and the thought of the Taoism more intuitively, and play a role in promoting the traditional culture of China. More recently, it is hoped that the teachings of the Taoism will be adopted to guide the people to get along with the human and the human and nature, and to achieve social harmony. With the inclusion of Sanqing Mountain into the World's natural heritage list, the exploration of the cultural heritage of Sanqing Mountain has been paid more and more attention, but the research and protection achievements are rare, and the protection of cultural heritage is still a long way to go. The outstanding value of Sanqing Mountain is not the natural beauty of the natural scenery, and the unique cultural value is also an important part. As the carrier of the Taoist culture of Sanqing Mountain, the Taoist architecture, through the construction and construction of several generations, has fused the unique local characteristics and the traditional Taoist architectural concept, and made the Taoist architectural heritage of Sanqing Mountain in many ways formed its own unique characteristics. It is located in a quiet and quiet place, seeking to be close to the sky and to be contaminated with the wind. The architectural style is the architectural style of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and in the form of the Taoist architecture, the architectural form of the north and south is integrated as a whole due to the influence of the times and the region. The core value lies in the careful layout of the whole building, the way of its layout is not only the traditional architectural style, but also the linear and axisymmetric treatment, but also according to the Taoist idea of the "the combination of natural and human nature", to the terrain needs, or the low-lying to build a bridge, or to build a tower, or to build a tower, or to build a tower, Or the side of the mountain and the temple, and the ingenious nature of integrating the environment and the building. The more prominent cultural connotation is reflected in the Eight-Eight Diagrams of the whole complex. The periphery has the environmental treatment of the natural gossip layout, so that the center of the foreland is in the form of a test-refined gold-tin furnace. The interior is the combination of the natural and human activities of the day after the day, with the image pointing to the image, so that the theme of the Taoism is sublimed. The more cultural connotation is that the orientation of the Taoist architectural monomer on the Sanqing Mountain is in accordance with the theory, and then the design and construction of the Taoist architecture of Sanqing Mountain is revealed. The Taoist legacy complex of Sanqing Mountain is a unique stone structure, except that the Sanqing Palace is made of stone and stone, and all the other buildings are all stone structures, which are completely formed by the granite carving of the Sanqing Mountain. This is very rare in the entire Chinese Taoist architecture system. It is amazing that the buildings of the stone structure, no matter the size, have no adhesive in the middle, are pure in the dark groove, the base, or the bucket arch to support and combine, which reflects the exquisite skill of the craftsman at that time. Through the comparison between the different Taoist architectural heritage in other areas, it can be seen that the Taoist architecture is similar in shape, but because of the many Taoist schools and the different positions of the Taoist architecture, and the difference of the terrain region, the Taoist architecture is very difficult to achieve the true shape and unity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU252
【相似文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 黃俊;;道教建筑中的文化意蘊(yùn)初探[J];中華建設(shè);2012年11期
2 孫宗文;;南方道教建筑藝術(shù)初探(二)[J];古建園林技術(shù);1989年02期
3 劉淑敏;;淺述河北古代道教建筑及文化特色[J];河北建筑工程學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2006年04期
4 王波峰;宋輝;;齊云山道教建筑概述[J];山西建筑;2007年10期
5 李莉;靳紅梅;;剖析宮觀建筑的長(zhǎng)生與仙居精神及其規(guī)制[J];工程建設(shè)與設(shè)計(jì);2007年08期
6 張立昆;李曉燕;;張家口地區(qū)道教建筑選址及影響因素分析[J];河北建筑工程學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2010年04期
7 續(xù)昕;;淺論中國(guó)道教建筑的美學(xué)思想[J];社會(huì)科學(xué)研究;2012年02期
8 碧蓮;;淺說道教建筑藝術(shù)[J];文史雜志;2012年05期
9 劉潔;戴秋思;閆會(huì)峰;;中國(guó)古代道教建筑神話色彩分析[J];重慶交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2013年02期
10 孫宗文;;南方道教建筑藝術(shù)初探(三)[J];古建園林技術(shù);1989年03期
相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前2條
1 侯志華;道教建筑的文化特征[N];中國(guó)民族報(bào);2006年
2 魏夢(mèng)佳 王東;武當(dāng)山古建筑遺跡中首現(xiàn)道教建筑防御工事[N];中華建筑報(bào);2009年
相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 馮林;族群遷徙與道教建筑民俗源流[D];武漢大學(xué);2010年
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條
1 王波峰;山林道教建筑導(dǎo)引空間形態(tài)研究[D];西安建筑科技大學(xué);2007年
2 詹力耘;四川道教建筑裝飾研究[D];西南交通大學(xué);2013年
3 杜啟濤;貴州省道教建筑的空間布局及設(shè)計(jì)研究[D];貴州大學(xué);2015年
4 王騰;三清山道教建筑遺產(chǎn)研究[D];南京大學(xué);2014年
5 張蕾;樓觀臺(tái)道教建筑研究[D];西安建筑科技大學(xué);2005年
6 李曉強(qiáng);道教建筑形態(tài)初探——以山西省道教建筑為例[D];太原理工大學(xué);2004年
7 呂雁;青島道教建筑布局及空間組織初探[D];青島理工大學(xué);2008年
8 何鑫;云南道教建筑特色及其文化研究[D];昆明理工大學(xué);2010年
9 楊艷霞;大理道教建筑裝飾中的雕刻藝術(shù)研究[D];昆明理工大學(xué);2011年
10 王磊;關(guān)中地區(qū)道教遺存建筑的歷史地理研究[D];陜西師范大學(xué);2009年
，本文編號(hào)：2431484
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/guanlilunwen/chengjian/2431484.html
最近更新
教材專著
