【摘要】：我國農(nóng)村住宅量大面廣，新建農(nóng)宅中原有的環(huán)境特色與氣候適應(yīng)價值正在消失。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和農(nóng)民生活水平的提高，農(nóng)村住宅將產(chǎn)生巨大的能耗需求。本文以潮汕地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅為研究對象，以建筑與人對氣候的適應(yīng)性為切入點，通過現(xiàn)場調(diào)研、理論分析和數(shù)值模擬的方法，總結(jié)濕熱氣候條件下農(nóng)村住宅適應(yīng)氣候的室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境優(yōu)化與節(jié)能策略。 首先，對潮汕地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅的演變脈絡(luò)、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及其能耗水平進(jìn)行調(diào)研。同傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)宅相比，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)宅由單層向多層發(fā)展，天井、敞廳等半開放空間逐漸消失。對潮汕地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅的能耗水平調(diào)查結(jié)果表明潮汕地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅單位面積年耗電量遠(yuǎn)低于城市居住建筑。夏季降溫能耗與空調(diào)的使用率正相關(guān)，與半開放空間的面積負(fù)相關(guān)。 其次，分別對傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)宅、有天井低層農(nóng)宅和無天井低層農(nóng)宅進(jìn)行了室內(nèi)外熱環(huán)境實測。半開放空間、可變的圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)和遮陽是傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)宅適應(yīng)氣候的主要技術(shù)，但在現(xiàn)代農(nóng)宅中沒有得到有效的傳承，傳統(tǒng)住宅外封閉的特點導(dǎo)致室內(nèi)風(fēng)環(huán)境不佳的問題在現(xiàn)代農(nóng)宅中仍沒有徹底解決，屋頂隔熱構(gòu)造的缺失導(dǎo)致頂層房間熱環(huán)境惡劣是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)宅新出現(xiàn)的問題。 第三，，對潮汕地區(qū)農(nóng)村居民的熱舒適水平進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場調(diào)研，分析448份有效問卷中熱環(huán)境和熱舒適的關(guān)系，建立了濕熱氣候條件下農(nóng)村居民的熱感覺模型，確定了熱中性溫度和80%可接受溫度范圍。與濕熱氣候區(qū)城市居民的相關(guān)研究對比表明，農(nóng)村居民對濕熱氣候有更強的適應(yīng)性，更倚重于大范圍調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)速和服裝熱阻的方式來減少熱不適感。綜合對比半開放空間與室內(nèi)空間內(nèi)的熱感覺發(fā)現(xiàn)，半開放空間更有利于維持人體對濕熱氣候的適應(yīng)性。 最后，針對有天井與無天井低層農(nóng)宅，從遮陽、隔熱和自然通風(fēng)等三個角度分別提出相應(yīng)的優(yōu)化策略，并采用計算機輔助分析的方法對優(yōu)化效果進(jìn)行了定量評價。無天井低層農(nóng)宅中局部架空的方式改善室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境效果顯著；有天井低層農(nóng)宅中屋面遮陽優(yōu)化效果顯著；屋面與墻體綜合優(yōu)化隔熱效果顯著優(yōu)于單項優(yōu)化的效果。
[Abstract]:There are many rural houses in our country, and the original environmental characteristics and climate adaptation value of the new houses are disappearing. With the development of economy and the improvement of farmers' living standard, rural housing will produce huge energy consumption demand. This paper takes the rural residence in Chaoshan area as the research object, taking the adaptability of the building and man to the climate as the breakthrough point, through the field investigation, the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation method, This paper summarizes the indoor thermal environment optimization and energy saving strategies of rural housing in humid and hot climate. First of all, the evolution of rural housing in Chaoshan area, the current situation and energy consumption level are investigated. Compared with the traditional house, the modern farm house develops from single layer to multi-storey, and the semi-open space such as patio and open room gradually disappear. The results of the investigation on the energy consumption level of rural residential buildings in Chaoshan area show that the annual electricity consumption per unit area of rural residential buildings in Chaoshan area is much lower than that in urban residential buildings. The energy consumption of cooling in summer is positively correlated with the utilization rate of air conditioning and negatively correlated with the area of semi-open space. Secondly, the indoor and outdoor thermal environment of the traditional house, the lower level house with patio and the low level house without patio were measured. Semi-open space, variable enclosure and sun shading are the main technologies for traditional agricultural houses to adapt to the climate, but they have not been effectively passed on in modern agricultural houses. The problem of bad indoor wind environment caused by the external closure of traditional houses has not been completely solved in modern agricultural houses. The thermal environment of the top floor room caused by the absence of roof insulation structure is a new problem in modern agricultural houses. Thirdly, the thermal comfort level of rural residents in Chaoshan area is investigated on the spot, and the relationship between thermal environment and thermal comfort in 448 valid questionnaires is analyzed, and the thermal sensation model of rural residents under humid and hot climate is established. The range of thermal neutral temperature and 80% acceptable temperature was determined. Compared with the urban residents in the humid and hot climate area, the rural residents have stronger adaptability to the humid and thermal climate and rely more on the way of adjusting wind speed and clothing thermal resistance in order to reduce the thermal discomfort. Comparing the thermal sensation between semi-open space and indoor space, it is found that semi-open space is more favorable to maintain the adaptability of human body to humid and thermal climate. Finally, the optimization strategies are put forward from three angles of shading, heat insulation and natural ventilation for the low level farmhouses with and without patio, and the optimization effect is evaluated quantitatively by using the method of computer aided analysis. The effect of improving the indoor thermal environment in the way of local aerial in the low level farmhouse without patio is remarkable; the effect of shading in the roof of the low level farm house with patio is remarkable; the comprehensive optimization of heat insulation effect of roof and wall is significantly better than that of single optimization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU241.4;TU119

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