發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-14 13:12

【摘要】：隨著煤礦開采技術(shù)的發(fā)展和開采規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,國家越來越重視避難硐室的建設(shè)和發(fā)展。一旦發(fā)生煤礦事故,避難硐室作為一個(gè)安全封閉的空間,能夠使井下遇難人員獲得更多的生存機(jī)會(huì)。本課題將冰蓄冷技術(shù)應(yīng)用到避難硐室中,利用其無大功率電源、沒有安全隱患、維護(hù)量小等優(yōu)點(diǎn),提出采用蓄冰板在無電力供給時(shí)作為應(yīng)急冷源對避難硐室進(jìn)行降溫,為避難硐室臨時(shí)提供適宜生存的溫度環(huán)境。首先,基于質(zhì)量、動(dòng)量以及能量守恒定律,建立了蓄冰板釋冷情況下模擬小室內(nèi)溫度場的數(shù)學(xué)模型,包括控制方程組和單值性條件,之后對Fluent軟件中的湍流模型和輻射模型進(jìn)行了選擇,并運(yùn)用Fluent進(jìn)行求解。其次,根據(jù)課題組搭建的模型小室實(shí)驗(yàn)臺,獲取了一定的實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù),驗(yàn)證了蓄冰板釋冷情況下模擬計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)模型的準(zhǔn)確性,并進(jìn)一步證明了蓄冰板釋冷的適用性與可靠性。最后,利用已經(jīng)驗(yàn)證的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并結(jié)合實(shí)際的避難硐室工程,模擬研究了蓄冰板厚度、初始溫度、布置方式、放置高度、避難硐室的供氧方式等因素對避難硐室溫度場的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:利用冰板進(jìn)行釋冷時(shí),冰板的厚度對其影響很大,冰板太厚,不利于冰板的釋冷,而冰板太薄,釋冷太快,導(dǎo)致室內(nèi)溫度偏低,模擬表明50 mm厚的冰板適宜釋冷;冰板初始溫度對釋冷效果影響不大,進(jìn)一步證明了蓄冰板釋冷主要是利用冰的相變潛熱進(jìn)行釋冷;分散式布置冰板更有利于冰板與周圍空氣的換熱,因而釋冷效果比集中式布置的好;對于有送風(fēng)的情況,冰板放置高度的大小不會(huì)對釋冷效果造成太大的影響,因而可以在保證有利于凝結(jié)水收集的前提下盡量放低蓄冰板的放置高度;相比于自備氧系統(tǒng),礦井壓風(fēng)系統(tǒng)因送風(fēng)量大,導(dǎo)致其冰板的釋冷效果好,溫度場更均勻。通過模擬研究,對具體的避難硐室工程設(shè)計(jì)了釋冷方案,確定了冰板的厚度、初始溫度、布置方式、放置高度以及避難硐室的供氧方式。本課題關(guān)于井下避難硐室釋冷方案的研究,對蓄冰板釋冷和避難硐室的應(yīng)急制冷的進(jìn)一步研究能夠提供一定的參考和依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the development of coal mining technology and the expansion of mining scale, more and more attention has been paid to the construction and development of refuge chambers. Once a coal mine accident occurs, the shelter chamber as a safe and closed space can make the victims get more chances of survival. In this paper, the ice storage technology is applied to the asylum chamber. The ice storage board is used as an emergency cold source to cool down the shelter chamber, which has the advantages of no high power supply, no potential safety trouble and low maintenance. To provide temporary shelter chamber suitable for survival temperature environment. First of all, based on the conservation law of mass, momentum and energy, a mathematical model for simulating the temperature field in a small chamber under the condition of ice storage plate release is established, including the equations of control and the condition of single value. Then the turbulence model and radiation model in Fluent software are selected and solved by Fluent. Secondly, according to the model chamber test bench built by the research group, a certain number of measured data are obtained, which verifies the accuracy of the mathematical model in the case of ice storage plate release, and further proves the applicability and reliability of the ice storage plate release. Finally, the thickness, initial temperature, arrangement and height of ice storage plate are simulated and studied by using the verified mathematical model and the actual shelter chamber project. The effect of oxygen supply mode on the temperature field of asylum chamber. The results show that the thickness of ice plate has a great influence on it when it is used to release cold. The thickness of ice plate is too thick, which is not conducive to the release of ice plate, but the ice plate is too thin and the release of cold is too fast, which leads to the low indoor temperature. The simulation results show that the ice plate with thickness of 50 mm is suitable for cooling release. The initial temperature of the ice plate has little effect on the release effect, which further proves that the ice storage plate releases the cold mainly by using the latent heat of the ice phase change. The distributed ice plate arrangement is more favorable to the heat transfer between the ice plate and the surrounding air, so the cooling release effect is better than that of the centralized arrangement. In the case of air supply, the height of the ice plate will not have too much effect on the cooling release effect, so it can be kept as low as possible on the premise of congealing water collection. Compared with the self-contained oxygen system, the air pressure system in the mine has a better cooling release effect and a more uniform temperature field because of the large air supply. Through the simulation study, the cold release scheme is designed for the concrete shelter chamber project, and the thickness of ice plate, initial temperature, arrangement mode, height of the ice plate and the oxygen supply mode of the shelter chamber are determined. The research on the cold release scheme of underground refuge chamber can provide some reference and basis for further research on ice storage plate release and emergency refrigeration of shelter chamber.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU831

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