基于GIS的都江堰市防災(zāi)避險綠地適宜性評價研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-04 20:08
【摘要】：城市的發(fā)展提高了人們的生活水平,帶來了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,但同時也帶來了許多不可忽視的問題。近年來,地震、火災(zāi)等各種自然災(zāi)害不斷發(fā)生,給城市居民的生命財產(chǎn)造成了巨大的威脅。城市綠地作為城市的“柔性”空間,除了美化景觀、調(diào)節(jié)空氣濕度、觀賞游憩等作用,更以其獨(dú)特的質(zhì)地在城市防災(zāi)避險方面扮演著至關(guān)重要的角色。如何加強(qiáng)各城市防災(zāi)避險綠地的規(guī)劃建設(shè),使防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作順利有效的開展,是我國目前亟待解決的問題。與此同時,防災(zāi)避險綠地的適宜性更是成為了其關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本文通過對國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的研究,首先對防災(zāi)避險綠地的概念、類型、功能等進(jìn)行了概括。分析了都江堰市的區(qū)域概況、災(zāi)害類型和受災(zāi)特點(diǎn)、綠地現(xiàn)狀及存在問題等,進(jìn)而確定了研究范圍為都江堰市主城區(qū)。在對之前的學(xué)者關(guān)于城市防災(zāi)避險綠地功能評價分析總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合都江堰市實際情況,選取了四個與之相適應(yīng)的評價指標(biāo)群(主要針對地震災(zāi)害)。具體包括：有效性指標(biāo)(綠地避災(zāi)容量和緩沖區(qū)面積)、可達(dá)性指標(biāo)(與醫(yī)院的最近距離及與消防急救點(diǎn)的最近距離)、疏散能力指標(biāo)(相對于醫(yī)院的疏散能力以及相對于消防急救點(diǎn)的疏散能力)、安全性指標(biāo)(與最近受損建筑距離以及與最近地質(zhì)災(zāi)害點(diǎn)距離),并由上述指標(biāo)建立了防災(zāi)避險綠地適宜性評價指標(biāo)體系。利用GIS的緩沖區(qū)分析法和網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析法獲得了最終的評價指標(biāo)屬性值。將這些評價指標(biāo)運(yùn)用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析和熵值權(quán)重相結(jié)合的方法,得到了都江堰市主城區(qū)防災(zāi)避險綠地適宜性綜合評價值。通過對都江堰市主城區(qū)43處防災(zāi)避險綠地的灰色綜合評價結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,將防災(zāi)避險綠地以優(yōu)劣程度進(jìn)行排序,從而得到以下結(jié)論：(1)都江堰市主城區(qū)共有8處較適宜的防災(zāi)避險場所,按照綜合評價值由高到低的順序依次為：二環(huán)路居住區(qū)公園、都江堰廣場、民豐路居住區(qū)公園二、東蒲陽河帶狀公園、民豐路居住區(qū)公園三、南走馬河帶狀公園、蒲陽河公園以及老成灌路居住區(qū)公園；(2)8處較不適宜的防災(zāi)避險場所,分別為：一環(huán)路街旁綠地、學(xué)府路街旁綠地二、文薈路小區(qū)游園、青城大橋小區(qū)游園、迎賓大道附屬綠地、走馬河小區(qū)游園、都江堰大道附屬綠地、翔鳳路小區(qū)游園；(3)其余27處則為一般適宜的防災(zāi)避險綠地。本文針對上述評價結(jié)果提出了相應(yīng)的都江堰市防災(zāi)避險綠地規(guī)劃實施建議：(1)擴(kuò)大防災(zāi)避險綠地規(guī)模,增加避災(zāi)容量；(2)對城市綠地進(jìn)行合理均衡布局；(3)增強(qiáng)城市防災(zāi)避險綠地的可達(dá)性；(4)加強(qiáng)城市防災(zāi)避險綠地基礎(chǔ)配套設(shè)施的建設(shè)；(5)加強(qiáng)防災(zāi)宣傳,提高居民的防災(zāi)意識。
[Abstract]:The development of the city has raised people's living standard, brought enormous economic benefits, but also brought many problems that can not be ignored. In recent years, earthquake, fire and other kinds of natural disasters continue to occur, causing a huge threat to the life and property of urban residents. As the "flexible" space of the city, urban green space not only beautifies the landscape, adjusts the air humidity, watches the recreation and so on, but also plays a vital role in the urban disaster prevention and risk avoidance with its unique texture. How to strengthen the planning and construction of urban green space for disaster prevention and avoid risks, and how to carry out the work of disaster prevention and mitigation smoothly and effectively is an urgent problem to be solved at present in our country. At the same time, the suitability of disaster prevention green space has become the focus of its attention. In this paper, the concept, types and functions of green space for disaster prevention and avoidance are summarized through the study of relevant literature at home and abroad. This paper analyzes the regional situation, disaster types and disaster characteristics, green space status and existing problems of Dujiangyan City, and determines the scope of the study as the main urban area of Dujiangyan City. On the basis of analyzing and summing up the previous scholars' evaluation on the function of urban disaster prevention and avoidance green space and combining with the actual situation of Dujiangyan City, four evaluation index groups (mainly aimed at earthquake disasters) are selected. These include indicators of effectiveness (green space disaster avoidance capacity and buffer area), accessibility indicators (nearest distance to hospital and nearest distance to fire emergency point), Evacuation capability indicators (relative to hospital evacuation capacity and fire emergency point evacuation capacity), safety indicators (distance from recently damaged buildings and closest geological hazard sites), The evaluation index system of green space suitability for disaster prevention and avoidance was established by the above indexes. The final evaluation index attribute value is obtained by using GIS buffer analysis method and network analysis method. The comprehensive evaluation value of disaster prevention and avoidance green space in Dujiangyan city was obtained by combining the grey relational analysis and entropy weight. Based on the analysis of the grey comprehensive evaluation results of 43 disaster prevention greenbelts in the main urban area of Dujiangyan City, the disaster prevention and risk avoiding greenbelts are ranked according to their merits and demerits. The conclusions are as follows: (1) there are 8 suitable places for disaster prevention and risk avoidance in Dujiangyan City. According to the order of comprehensive evaluation value from high to low, they are: second Ring Road Residential District Park, Dujiangyan Square, Minfeng Road Residential area Park 2. Dongpu Yang River Belt Park, Minfeng Road Residential Park three, south Ma River Belt Park, Puyang River Park and the Old Cheng Guanlu residential area park; (2) eight unsuitable places for disaster prevention and avoidance are: the green space beside the first ring road street, the second green space beside Xuefu road street, the garden of Wen Ye Lu district, the green garden of Qingcheng Bridge district, the green space attached to Yingbin Avenue, and the garden of the Mahe district. Dujiangyan Avenue attached green space, Xiangfeng Road residential garden; (3) the remaining 27 places are generally suitable for disaster prevention and risk avoidance green space. In view of the above evaluation results, this paper puts forward the corresponding suggestions for the implementation of the planning of Dujiangyan City disaster prevention and shelter green space: (1) expanding the scale of disaster prevention and avoiding green space, increasing the disaster avoidance capacity; (2) carrying out a reasonable and balanced layout of urban green space; (3) to enhance the accessibility of urban disaster prevention and shelter green space; (4) to strengthen the construction of basic facilities for urban disaster prevention and shelter green space; (5) to strengthen disaster prevention publicity and enhance residents' awareness of disaster prevention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU985.12;TU984.116
[Abstract]:The development of the city has raised people's living standard, brought enormous economic benefits, but also brought many problems that can not be ignored. In recent years, earthquake, fire and other kinds of natural disasters continue to occur, causing a huge threat to the life and property of urban residents. As the "flexible" space of the city, urban green space not only beautifies the landscape, adjusts the air humidity, watches the recreation and so on, but also plays a vital role in the urban disaster prevention and risk avoidance with its unique texture. How to strengthen the planning and construction of urban green space for disaster prevention and avoid risks, and how to carry out the work of disaster prevention and mitigation smoothly and effectively is an urgent problem to be solved at present in our country. At the same time, the suitability of disaster prevention green space has become the focus of its attention. In this paper, the concept, types and functions of green space for disaster prevention and avoidance are summarized through the study of relevant literature at home and abroad. This paper analyzes the regional situation, disaster types and disaster characteristics, green space status and existing problems of Dujiangyan City, and determines the scope of the study as the main urban area of Dujiangyan City. On the basis of analyzing and summing up the previous scholars' evaluation on the function of urban disaster prevention and avoidance green space and combining with the actual situation of Dujiangyan City, four evaluation index groups (mainly aimed at earthquake disasters) are selected. These include indicators of effectiveness (green space disaster avoidance capacity and buffer area), accessibility indicators (nearest distance to hospital and nearest distance to fire emergency point), Evacuation capability indicators (relative to hospital evacuation capacity and fire emergency point evacuation capacity), safety indicators (distance from recently damaged buildings and closest geological hazard sites), The evaluation index system of green space suitability for disaster prevention and avoidance was established by the above indexes. The final evaluation index attribute value is obtained by using GIS buffer analysis method and network analysis method. The comprehensive evaluation value of disaster prevention and avoidance green space in Dujiangyan city was obtained by combining the grey relational analysis and entropy weight. Based on the analysis of the grey comprehensive evaluation results of 43 disaster prevention greenbelts in the main urban area of Dujiangyan City, the disaster prevention and risk avoiding greenbelts are ranked according to their merits and demerits. The conclusions are as follows: (1) there are 8 suitable places for disaster prevention and risk avoidance in Dujiangyan City. According to the order of comprehensive evaluation value from high to low, they are: second Ring Road Residential District Park, Dujiangyan Square, Minfeng Road Residential area Park 2. Dongpu Yang River Belt Park, Minfeng Road Residential Park three, south Ma River Belt Park, Puyang River Park and the Old Cheng Guanlu residential area park; (2) eight unsuitable places for disaster prevention and avoidance are: the green space beside the first ring road street, the second green space beside Xuefu road street, the garden of Wen Ye Lu district, the green garden of Qingcheng Bridge district, the green space attached to Yingbin Avenue, and the garden of the Mahe district. Dujiangyan Avenue attached green space, Xiangfeng Road residential garden; (3) the remaining 27 places are generally suitable for disaster prevention and risk avoidance green space. In view of the above evaluation results, this paper puts forward the corresponding suggestions for the implementation of the planning of Dujiangyan City disaster prevention and shelter green space: (1) expanding the scale of disaster prevention and avoiding green space, increasing the disaster avoidance capacity; (2) carrying out a reasonable and balanced layout of urban green space; (3) to enhance the accessibility of urban disaster prevention and shelter green space; (4) to strengthen the construction of basic facilities for urban disaster prevention and shelter green space; (5) to strengthen disaster prevention publicity and enhance residents' awareness of disaster prevention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU985.12;TU984.116
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