【摘要】：隨著國家經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展和人民生活水平的持續(xù)提高，大眾對建筑的需求不再僅僅滿足基本居住的需要，更多的關(guān)注建筑造型的突破，室內(nèi)空間的舒適度和設(shè)備的智能化。建筑設(shè)計的多樣化和豐富性對建筑暖通、電氣和給排水（Mechanical、Electrical and Plumbing， MEP）的設(shè)計提出了更高的要求。近年來，智慧建筑、綠色建筑、低碳建筑、智能建筑等新概念層出不窮，在有限的建筑空間中需要容納更多的MEP設(shè)備。各專業(yè)間的協(xié)同設(shè)計和協(xié)調(diào)配合也變得越來越難。傳統(tǒng)二維MEP各專業(yè)設(shè)計相對獨立，設(shè)計信息無法及時共享，導(dǎo)致最終MEP設(shè)計方案出現(xiàn)設(shè)計錯誤，如管線碰撞等，需要后期設(shè)計協(xié)調(diào)時進行反復(fù)修改，影響了設(shè)計人員在整個設(shè)計進程中的工作進度。同時對復(fù)雜建筑和異型建筑而言，二維CAD無法對建筑的幾何信息進行精確表達。有些奇特造型的建筑，單憑二維設(shè)計圖紙所反映的項目施工信息很難將其正確建造出來，這些工程對三維的施工文檔要求日趨強烈。 建筑信息模型（Building Information Modelling, BIM）的出現(xiàn)為MEP設(shè)計和施工提供了新的解決方案。目前國內(nèi)的BIM應(yīng)用主要集中在設(shè)計階段，以MEP設(shè)計師為核心進行分析和展開，在施工和預(yù)制階段的應(yīng)用比較少。同時由于MEP設(shè)計師普遍缺乏實際施工知識和經(jīng)驗，基于BIM的MEP設(shè)計雖然提高了設(shè)計師的工作效率，但是在MEP方案綜合協(xié)調(diào)和優(yōu)化方面考慮的因素非常有限，使得最終的MEP方案在施工過程中仍然存在變更和返工，沒有充分發(fā)揮BIM跨平臺、跨階段的特點。本研究將從MEP設(shè)計和施工全過程的角度對MEP方案進行全過程可施工性論證和綜合優(yōu)化，，確保最終MEP方案施工的“零變更”。 該論文首先討論目前國內(nèi)外BIM在MEP領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用和研究現(xiàn)狀，分析了我國BIM應(yīng)用的重點和難點，同時歸納了現(xiàn)有BIM理論在建筑行業(yè)的發(fā)展。其次，針對目前BIM在MEP設(shè)計和施工中應(yīng)用研究的不足，作者提出了基于BIM的MEP方案全過程可施工性論證框架和基于BIM的MEP方案全過程優(yōu)化框架。最后，通過兩個真實案例分別驗證本文提出的兩個框架。案例A為交通樞紐項目，目前仍處于項目的設(shè)計階段，通過BIM技術(shù)對原有MEP方案進行可施工性論證和優(yōu)化，提升設(shè)計質(zhì)量的同時，加快設(shè)計進度，降低項目實施成本。案例B為某公司數(shù)據(jù)中心項目，工程已經(jīng)竣工交付使用。通過對BIM碰撞檢查效率，BIM成本節(jié)省，BIM工期節(jié)約和BIM全過程優(yōu)化四個角度進行定量的分析和研究，結(jié)果充分證明了從MEP設(shè)計和施工全過程考慮基于BIM的可施工性論證和優(yōu)化的必要性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of national economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standard, the public's demand for architecture is no longer only to meet the needs of basic residence, but also to pay more attention to the breakthrough of architectural modeling, the comfort of indoor space and the intellectualization of equipment. The diversity and richness of architectural design put forward higher requirements for the design of HVAC, electrical and water supply and drainage (Mechanical,Electrical and Plumbing, MEP). In recent years, new concepts such as intelligent building, green building, low carbon building, intelligent building and so on, need to accommodate more MEP devices in the limited building space. Collaborative design and coordination among different professions are becoming more and more difficult. The design of traditional 2D MEP is relatively independent, and the design information can not be shared in time. As a result, the final MEP design scheme has some design errors, such as pipeline collision and so on, which need to be revised repeatedly when the later design coordination is required. It affects the designer's work progress in the whole design process. At the same time, for complex buildings and special-shaped buildings, 2D CAD can not accurately express the geometric information of buildings. It is very difficult to construct some strange buildings based on the construction information of 2D design drawings. These projects require more and more 3D construction documents. The emergence of building information model (Building Information Modelling, BIM) provides a new solution for MEP design and construction. At present, the application of BIM in China is mainly focused on the design stage, with the MEP designer as the core to carry on the analysis and development, but the application in the stage of construction and prefabrication is relatively few. At the same time, because MEP designers generally lack practical construction knowledge and experience, although MEP design based on BIM improves the designer's work efficiency, the factors considered in the comprehensive coordination and optimization of MEP scheme are very limited. So that the final MEP project in the construction process still exist changes and rework, did not give full play to the cross-platform, cross-stage characteristics of BIM. In order to ensure the "zero change" of the final MEP scheme, this study will demonstrate and optimize the constructability of the whole process of MEP scheme from the point of view of the whole process of MEP design and construction. This paper first discusses the application and research status of BIM in the field of MEP at home and abroad, analyzes the emphases and difficulties of BIM application in our country, and sums up the development of existing BIM theory in the construction industry. Secondly, aiming at the deficiency of the application research of BIM in MEP design and construction at present, the author puts forward the framework of the whole process constructability demonstration of MEP scheme based on BIM and the whole process optimization framework of MEP scheme based on BIM. Finally, the two frameworks proposed in this paper are verified by two real cases. Case A is a transportation hub project, which is still in the design stage of the project. Through BIM technology, the constructability demonstration and optimization of the original MEP scheme are carried out to improve the design quality, accelerate the design progress and reduce the project implementation cost. Case B is a company data center project that has been completed and delivered. Through the quantitative analysis and research on BIM collision checking efficiency, BIM cost saving, BIM duration saving and BIM whole process optimization, The results show that it is necessary to consider the constructability demonstration and optimization based on BIM in the whole process of MEP design and construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU17;TU71

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