【摘要】：自然通風作為一種傳統(tǒng)古老的通風方式，在能源日趨稀缺的今天越發(fā)受到了人們的重視。通過門窗的合理開啟狀態(tài)組織室內自然風的流動，可以到達調節(jié)室內的溫濕度，改善建筑內部熱環(huán)境；排出室內的有害氣體和微生物并引入室外新鮮空氣；因地制宜的選擇自然通風策略從而降低建筑能耗的效果。因此，對于自然通風對室內環(huán)境影響的研究顯得尤為必要。 改變門窗的開度大小能夠改變門窗開口的阻力特性，從而改變室內的通風量，室內的溫、濕度的變化以及污染物的濃度變化速率也隨之改變。本文利用重慶市江津區(qū)白沙鎮(zhèn)某節(jié)能綜合示范樓作為實驗平臺，以門窗的不同開度作為作為改變室內換氣次數(shù)的基礎，以二氧化碳作為示蹤氣體研究室內污染物濃度的變化，并同時測量室內溫濕度在門窗的不同開度工況下的變化情況以此作為研究基礎。 在對門窗阻力特性的研究中，文章利用CFD軟件Airpak進行模擬分析，，考察6種情況下的門窗不同開度,即總共36種組合工況對換氣量的影響。利用模擬數(shù)據(jù)通過最小二乘法，擬合出最常用的平開門和推拉窗各自的流量系數(shù)以及兩者組合下的通風流量系數(shù)與開度間的關系式。以實測工況中室外氣象參數(shù)及CFD軟件擬合得到的流量系數(shù)公式作為輸入數(shù)據(jù)，以多區(qū)域網(wǎng)絡模型作為研究基礎，計算得到實際工況中不同門窗開啟情況下的換氣次數(shù)。最后分析在不同的換氣次數(shù)條件下，室內環(huán)境中，二氧化碳濃度、溫度及濕度等參數(shù)的變化情況。 本文通過實測和模擬相結合的研究方法，對于門窗的阻力特性，不同開度對室內環(huán)境的影響作出分析，得出以下結論： ①改變同一房間中的平開門和推拉窗的開度大小，都能影響房間的通風狀態(tài)。在門窗兩者共同作用的狀態(tài)下，推拉窗對于通風的影響效果更大。平開門及推拉窗的開口流量系數(shù)與其開度之間的關系，都可以利用冪指數(shù)函數(shù)近似的進行描述。多個開口組合下的流量系數(shù)計算需根據(jù)開口對通風的影響作用大小進行加權調整。 ②在自然通風狀態(tài)下，室內污染物濃度隨時間的衰減速率主要與三個影響因素有關：分別是污染物釋放速率，室內換氣次數(shù)，以及室內外的濃度差。同樣狀態(tài)下，溫度的變化速率主要與室內冷熱源的輻射，室內外的溫差以及換氣次數(shù)有關。 ③在打開門窗進行自然通風的過程中，室內環(huán)境隨之發(fā)生變化。實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，在相同的時間段以內，室內污染物濃度的衰減速率較快；而溫、濕度的變化速率較慢。證明了在夏季可以通過合理開啟門窗通風以改善室內空氣品質，同時控制室內冷量的耗散。
[Abstract]:Natural ventilation, as a traditional and ancient ventilation method, has been paid more and more attention in the days when energy is becoming increasingly scarce. By reasonably opening the doors and windows to organize the flow of indoor natural wind, we can adjust the indoor temperature and humidity, improve the thermal environment of the building, discharge the harmful gases and microorganisms and introduce the fresh air out of the building. Choose natural ventilation strategy according to local conditions to reduce building energy consumption effect. Therefore, it is necessary to study the impact of natural ventilation on indoor environment. Changing the opening of doors and windows can change the resistance characteristics of door and window openings, thus changing the indoor ventilation, indoor temperature, humidity and the change rate of pollutant concentration. In this paper, a comprehensive demonstration building of energy saving in Baisha Town, Jiang Jin District, Chongqing is used as the experimental platform, the different opening degree of doors and windows is taken as the basis to change the number of indoor air exchange, and the change of indoor pollutant concentration is studied with carbon dioxide as tracer gas. At the same time, the changes of indoor temperature and humidity under different opening conditions of doors and windows are measured. In the study of resistance characteristics of windows and doors, this paper uses CFD software Airpak to simulate and analyze the effects of different opening of doors and windows under 6 kinds of conditions, that is, 36 combined working conditions on the air exchange rate. By using the least square method, the simulation data are used to fit the flow coefficients of the most commonly used flat doors and push-pull windows, and the relationship between the ventilation flow coefficient and the opening degree under the combination of the two methods. Taking the outdoor meteorological parameters and the flow coefficient formula fitted by CFD software as the input data, and taking the multi-area network model as the research basis, the number of air exchange in different windows and doors in actual working conditions is calculated. Finally, the change of carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and humidity in indoor environment under different air exchange times is analyzed. In this paper, the resistance characteristics of doors and windows and the influence of different openings on the indoor environment are analyzed by the combination of measurement and simulation, and the following conclusions are drawn: 1 changing the opening size of the flat door and push-pull window in the same room. Can affect the ventilation of the room. The effect of push-pull window on ventilation is greater under the condition of both doors and windows working together. The relationship between the opening flow coefficient and the opening degree of the open door and push-pull window can be described by using the power exponential function. The calculation of flow coefficient with multiple openings should be weighted according to the influence of openings on ventilation. 2 under natural ventilation, the decay rate of indoor pollutant concentration with time is mainly related to three factors: pollutant release rate, indoor air exchange times, and indoor and outdoor concentration difference. In the same condition, the rate of change of temperature is mainly related to the radiation of indoor heat and cold source, the difference of indoor and outdoor temperature, and the number of air exchange. In the process of opening doors and windows for natural ventilation, the indoor environment changes accordingly. It is found that the attenuation rate of indoor pollutant concentration is faster and the change rate of temperature and humidity is slower in the same time period. It is proved that the indoor air quality can be improved by opening the doors and windows reasonably in summer, and the indoor cooling consumption can be controlled at the same time.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU834

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