發(fā)布時間：2018-12-08 12:17

【摘要】：環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量與人體健康密切相關(guān),攜帶各種病菌的顆粒物已成為首要污染物,對室內(nèi)外凈化顆粒物技術(shù)的研究勢在必行。目前室內(nèi)控制技術(shù)主要是空氣凈化器,但在實際運行中已有的凈化技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品普遍存在著阻力過大、能耗過高、有害副產(chǎn)品造成二次污染等問題,因此“十二五”國家支撐課題提出研究適合凈化PM10、PM2.5的低阻高效濾料。個體防護用口罩是以人體呼吸力(一般為30-50Pa)為凈化動力,相對目前最低要求的高效過濾器初阻力限值(190Pa)具有低阻特性。本文通過研究口罩濾料凈化PM2.5的特性尋找低阻高效濾料,以達到凈化PM2.5和節(jié)能的目的。 作為測試的環(huán)境氣溶膠背景濃度,調(diào)查了上海市2008～2012年空氣質(zhì)量和2013年月空氣質(zhì)量和顆粒物情況。對上海市不同天氣情況下市區(qū)和郊區(qū)PM2.5濃度進行了測試,結(jié)果顯示同一天氣情況下,郊區(qū)較市區(qū)空氣質(zhì)量好；而不同天氣情況下同一地區(qū)PM2.5濃度不同。 針對本課題口罩濾料性能的測試要求搭建了靜態(tài)口罩濾料過濾性能測試臺,主要采用美國TSl8530型DustTrakTM Ⅱ氣溶膠智能檢測儀測試濾料前后的PM2.5質(zhì)量濃度,TSl9555-P型風速壓力儀測試濾料前后壓降。測試了三類9種口罩：A類棉質(zhì)口罩,B類無紡布口罩及C類含靜電層口罩,結(jié)果顯示A類棉質(zhì)口罩濾料的過濾效率和阻力均較低,分別為17.9%～50.3%和2.3～291.1Pa；B類無紡布口罩濾料的過濾效率及阻力均較A類高,分別為34.3%～82.7%和10.4～563.0Pa；C類口罩濾料的過濾效率最高為87.1%～99.9%,且隨過濾流量的增大,過濾效率均在85%以上,阻力范圍為20.6～1060.4Pa。綜合口罩濾料的過濾效率和阻力來看,目前市售口罩不是效率低就是阻力高,在呼吸流量大于30L/min時,難以同時滿足人體對呼吸舒適性和潔凈空氣的需求。 測試了五種克重厚度“紗布+駐極體濾料”新型組合濾料對PM2.5的凈化過濾特性,結(jié)果顯示：當呼吸流量低于30L/min時,T70濾料性能最好；當呼吸流量大于30L/min時,T200濾料的性能最好,存在著最佳濾料厚度(或范圍)值。對比目前市售口罩濾料與“紗布+駐極體濾料”新型組合濾料的綜合性能發(fā)現(xiàn),駐極體濾料具有高效低阻特性。應(yīng)用建筑環(huán)境空氣過濾器的性能要求對新型組合濾料凈化PM2.5的性能進行可行性對比分析,結(jié)果顯示在各自風速工作范圍內(nèi),五種厚度濾料的過濾效率均滿足相應(yīng)要求；就過濾阻力來看,滿足初效濾料初阻力要求(≤50Pa)的有T70和T100,滿足中效濾料初阻力要求(≤80Pa)的有T70、T100、T150和T200,五種濾料均滿足高效濾料初阻力(≤190Pa)要求�？捎糜诮鉀Q目前濾料存在的低效或高阻問題。
[Abstract]:The ambient air quality is closely related to human health. Particulate matter carrying various bacteria has become the primary pollutant. It is imperative to study the indoor and outdoor purification technology of particulate matter. At present, the main indoor control technology is air purifier. However, the existing purification technologies and products in actual operation have many problems, such as excessive resistance, excessive energy consumption, secondary pollution caused by harmful by-products, etc. Therefore, the research on low resistance and high efficiency filter media suitable for purifying PM10,PM2.5 is put forward. The respirator for personal protection is based on the human breathing power (generally 30-50Pa) as the purification power, which has low resistance characteristics compared with the minimum required initial resistance limit (190Pa) of the high efficient filter (190Pa) at present. In order to purify PM2.5 and save energy, low resistance and high efficiency filter media were found by studying the characteristics of PM2.5 purification with mask filter media. The background concentration of ambient aerosol in Shanghai from 2008 to 2012 and the air quality and particulate matter in 2013 were investigated. The concentration of PM2.5 in urban area and suburb of Shanghai is tested under different weather conditions. The results show that the air quality of suburb is better than that of urban area under the same weather condition, but the concentration of PM2.5 is different in the same area under different weather conditions. In order to meet the requirement of testing the filter media performance of the mask, a static filter material filter performance test bench was built. The PM2.5 concentration before and after the filter media was measured by TSl8530 DustTrakTM 鈪，

本文編號：2368335