【摘要】：我國目前處于快速城市化階段,大量人口涌入城市。由于城市人口驟增和城市土地的愈發(fā)稀缺,高層社區(qū)如雨后春筍般拔地而起。高層社區(qū)由于建筑密集,人口集聚,在災(zāi)害面前愈發(fā)脆弱,而社區(qū)作為城市最基本的防災(zāi)單元,社區(qū)安全很大程度上影響著整個城市的安全。但是,我國城市既有高層社區(qū)普遍缺乏系統(tǒng)的防災(zāi)規(guī)劃設(shè)計與建設(shè),大部分高層社區(qū)存在諸多安全隱患,一旦發(fā)生災(zāi)害,極易引起災(zāi)害的擴(kuò)大和蔓延,造成重大的人員傷亡和巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。因此,城市既有高層社區(qū)的防災(zāi)減災(zāi)改造日益引起人們的關(guān)注。 在借鑒國內(nèi)外相關(guān)理論研究和已有實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)上,本文以城市既有高層社區(qū)為研究對象,首先對研究對象進(jìn)行了深入解析,并通過大量的實(shí)地調(diào)研和問卷調(diào)查,總結(jié)了我國城市既有高層社區(qū)的現(xiàn)狀情況與防災(zāi)問題,分析了居民災(zāi)時的行為心理和應(yīng)急反應(yīng),建構(gòu)了城市既有高層社區(qū)的防災(zāi)改造系統(tǒng),并初步歸納了防災(zāi)改造關(guān)鍵指標(biāo),以指導(dǎo)具體的社區(qū)防災(zāi)改造策略。其次,文章引入社區(qū)防災(zāi)空間理念,結(jié)合高層社區(qū)防災(zāi)空間構(gòu)成要素,從宏觀、中觀、微觀等不同層次分別提出了具體的、適宜的防災(zāi)改造策略,并在既有高層社區(qū)改造探索中,始終貫穿平災(zāi)一體化理念。再次,文章結(jié)合實(shí)際高層社區(qū)案例,利用FDS等分析其災(zāi)害機(jī)理和防災(zāi)救災(zāi)影響因素,并結(jié)合我國國情,提出了高層住宅常態(tài)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)改造策略,并探索了高層住宅防災(zāi)減災(zāi)技術(shù)的數(shù)字化、智能化、生態(tài)化發(fā)展趨勢。最后,本文還歸納了既有社區(qū)災(zāi)害管理與救援系統(tǒng)等非工程措施的優(yōu)化策略。 綜上,筆者綜合運(yùn)用城市規(guī)劃與設(shè)計、災(zāi)害學(xué)、生態(tài)學(xué)等多學(xué)科理論,通過定性和定量相結(jié)合的研究方法,提煉出研究對象各構(gòu)成要素的災(zāi)害特性和致災(zāi)機(jī)理；通過對研究對象各構(gòu)成要素的整合分析,歸納出系統(tǒng)的城市既有高層社區(qū)防災(zāi)改造策略；并將工程性防災(zāi)技術(shù)與非工程性防災(zāi)措施相結(jié)合,形成整合型社區(qū)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)體系。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in the stage of rapid urbanization, a large number of people pour into the city. High-rise communities are springing up because of a surge in urban population and a growing scarcity of urban land. High-rise communities are more vulnerable to disasters because of their dense buildings and population concentration. As the most basic disaster prevention unit, the community safety affects the safety of the whole city to a great extent. However, there is a general lack of systematic disaster prevention planning, design and construction in the existing high-level communities in our country. Most of the high-level communities have many hidden safety hazards. Once disasters occur, they are prone to cause the expansion and spread of disasters. It caused heavy casualties and huge economic losses. Therefore, the disaster prevention and mitigation transformation of the existing high-level communities in cities has attracted more and more attention. On the basis of relevant theoretical research and existing practice at home and abroad, this paper takes the existing high-level community as the research object, first of all, deeply analyzes the research object, and through a large number of field research and questionnaire survey, This paper summarizes the present situation and disaster prevention problems of the existing high-level communities in cities in China, analyzes the behavior psychology and emergency response of the residents during the disaster, constructs the disaster prevention and transformation system of the existing high-level communities in the cities, and preliminarily summarizes the key indexes of the disaster prevention and transformation. In order to guide the specific community disaster prevention and transformation strategy. Secondly, the paper introduces the concept of community disaster prevention space, combining with the elements of high-level community disaster prevention space, and puts forward specific and appropriate strategies of disaster prevention and transformation from different levels, such as macro, meso, micro and so on. And in the existing high-level community transformation exploration, always run through the concept of integration of disaster. Thirdly, combined with the actual high-level community cases, using FDS and other analysis of its disaster mechanism and disaster prevention and relief factors, and combined with the situation of our country, put forward the transformation strategy of normal disaster prevention and mitigation of high-rise housing. The digital, intelligent and ecological development trend of high-rise residence disaster prevention and mitigation technology is explored. Finally, the optimization strategies of non-engineering measures such as community disaster management and rescue system are summarized. In summary, the author synthetically uses the multi-disciplinary theories such as urban planning and design, disaster science, ecology and so on, through the qualitative and quantitative research method, abstracts the disaster characteristic and the mechanism of each component element of the research object; Through the integration and analysis of the constituent elements of the research object, the strategies of disaster prevention and transformation of the existing high-level communities in the city are summarized, and the integrated community disaster prevention and mitigation system is formed by combining the engineering disaster prevention technology with the non-engineering disaster prevention measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU984.12;TU984.116

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