發(fā)布時間：2018-11-16 18:23

【摘要】：隨著住宅產(chǎn)業(yè)化的成熟和發(fā)展，居住環(huán)境的品質(zhì)越來越受到人們的重視，特別是戶外活動空間的景觀特色很大程度上影響著人們戶外活動的行為和環(huán)境感受。近年來，我國人口老齡化趨勢明顯，而老年人由于不受時間的制約，戶外活動需求日益高漲。老年人受到自身的生理和心理因素影響，受到環(huán)境、距離、天氣和人與人之間關(guān)系等外界因素影響很大，而且同伴群體性活動和社會性活動越來越頻繁，因此有必要針對現(xiàn)有的居住區(qū)景觀環(huán)境設(shè)計進行再思考，站在社會公益性福祉的角度，，提供能夠兼顧老年人社會性活動的戶外公共活動空間。 本文在相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，以北京市朝陽區(qū)望京地區(qū)的居住區(qū)為調(diào)查對象，著重研究中老年居民群體性、社會性活動，分析使用狀況與景觀環(huán)境的關(guān)系、使用者評價和要求，從而得出相關(guān)建設(shè)性意見。 關(guān)注被忽視的活動人群，為望京地區(qū)居住區(qū)環(huán)境空間的建設(shè)提出優(yōu)化措施，進而總結(jié)出居住區(qū)戶外活動空間兼顧老年人社會性活動的設(shè)計方法，探索人居環(huán)境空間景觀優(yōu)化措施方案，并為其他同類項目提供借鑒。 數(shù)據(jù)分析采用使用后評價法。首先，分層次對相關(guān)指標(biāo)選取，編寫問卷分發(fā)。其次，在回收后使用AHP層次分析法求出相應(yīng)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重，然后設(shè)立評價分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，進行模糊綜合評價對問卷回收的數(shù)據(jù)綜合評判，得出調(diào)查目標(biāo)居住區(qū)的戶外活動空間景觀現(xiàn)狀的評價。 經(jīng)過對調(diào)查目標(biāo)居住區(qū)活動情況的定點觀察后得出的主觀觀察結(jié)果表明，7個居住區(qū)中的戶外活動空間的景觀設(shè)計不同目標(biāo)存在不同情況，具有優(yōu)良級別上的差異性。 然后對回收的經(jīng)居民評分調(diào)查問卷數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計計算，以AHP求權(quán)重然后進行模糊綜合評價的方法對各居住區(qū)進行環(huán)境評級，以客觀計算的方法對由觀察探討得到的主觀結(jié)果和意向進行印證。 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，在探討得出的主觀結(jié)果和客觀計算得到的評價中存在著巨大差異，無論環(huán)境景觀的優(yōu)良好壞，在由活動參與居民打分問卷數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上進行模糊綜合評價得出的評級來看，其整體都并不是十分適合老年人社會性活動的開展。 經(jīng)過對不同活動場地的對比分析，其原因主要在于我們對于活動空間場地其中承載的“活動”的認(rèn)識缺失，現(xiàn)有的戶外活動空間的功能設(shè)置在與當(dāng)前老年人社會性活動的對應(yīng)上存在著一定的矛盾，造成居住區(qū)中的戶外活動空間沒有被真正高效率使用。
[Abstract]:With the maturity and development of housing industrialization, people pay more and more attention to the quality of living environment, especially the landscape characteristics of outdoor activity space to a large extent affect people's outdoor activities behavior and environmental feelings. In recent years, the trend of aging population in China is obvious, but the demand for outdoor activities is rising day by day because the elderly are not restricted by time. The elderly are influenced by their own physical and psychological factors, by external factors such as environment, distance, weather and human relations, and more frequently by peer group activities and social activities. Therefore, it is necessary to reconsider the landscape environment design of existing residential areas, and to provide outdoor public activities space which can take account of the social activities of the elderly from the perspective of social welfare. On the basis of relevant research, this paper takes the residential area of Wangjing area, Chaoyang District, Beijing as the object of investigation, focusing on the study of the group and social activities of the middle-aged and elderly residents, the analysis of the relationship between the use status and the landscape environment, and the evaluation and requirements of the users. In order to obtain the relevant constructive comments. By paying close attention to the neglected people, the author puts forward the optimization measures for the construction of the environmental space of the residential area in Wangjing area, and sums up the design method of the outdoor activity space in the residential area taking into account the social activities of the elderly. To explore the residential environment spatial landscape optimization measures, and to provide reference for other similar projects. The method of post-use evaluation was used for data analysis. First of all, the selection of relevant indicators, the preparation of questionnaire distribution. Secondly, using AHP analytic hierarchy process to calculate the weight of the corresponding index after recovery, and then setting up the evaluation grading standard, and carrying on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to the comprehensive evaluation of the data recovered from the questionnaire. The present situation of outdoor activity landscape of target residential area is evaluated. The subjective observation results obtained by investigating the activity of the target residential area show that the landscape design of outdoor activity space in seven residential areas has different conditions and has the difference of fine level. Then, the data collected from the residents' score questionnaire are calculated statistically, and then the AHP is used to calculate the weight and then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the environment of the residential areas. Objective calculation method is used to verify the subjective result and intention obtained from observation and discussion. The results show that there are great differences between the subjective results obtained from the discussion and the evaluations obtained by objective calculations, regardless of whether the environmental landscape is good or bad, According to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation based on the data of participating residents' score questionnaire, it is not very suitable for the elderly to carry out social activities as a whole. Through the comparative analysis of different activity sites, the main reason lies in our lack of understanding of the "activities" carried in the activity space sites. There are some contradictions between the function of the existing outdoor activity space and the current social activities of the elderly, which cause the outdoor activity space in the residential area not to be used with real high efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央美術(shù)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU984.12

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