采暖地區(qū)居住建筑節(jié)能改造的成本效益分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-15 15:17
【摘要】：北方城鎮(zhèn)采暖地區(qū)住宅的節(jié)能改造問題是我國建筑節(jié)能領域的重要課題，也是我國“節(jié)能減排”戰(zhàn)略的重要組成部分之一。在“十二五”規(guī)劃期間，我國擬完成對北方供暖城鎮(zhèn)4億平方米以上的節(jié)能改造，其中華北地區(qū)改造量巨大，是開展改造工作的重點。節(jié)能改造項目初期投資大，外部經濟性強，明確其經濟性有利于改造工作的大規(guī)模推廣，因此節(jié)能改造項目成本效益分析的重要性日益凸顯。本文針對華北采暖地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)住宅的節(jié)能改造成本效益問題進行了研究。 針對住宅節(jié)能改造的成本效益狀況，論文識別界定了改造項目的增量效益與增量成本，建立了全生命周期環(huán)境下的節(jié)能改造成本效益分析評價模型，并對節(jié)能改造項目的外部環(huán)境效益進行了量化分析。模型考慮了各改造措施的內含能耗與增加措施所產生的額外污染物，以及改造后建筑運營期的污染物減排，提出了節(jié)能改造環(huán)境效益的貨幣化度量公式。 論文采集了清華大學西北小區(qū)實際建筑數據資料，對該建筑節(jié)能改造項目的成本效益狀況進行了分析，并結合入戶訪談與業(yè)主調研數據，針對不同資金分攤模式對改造的經濟指標與環(huán)境效益進行了估計與測算。研究結果表明：該小區(qū)節(jié)能改造項目能夠在生命周期14-16年內回收成本并產生收益；外墻改造的效益費用比在各項改造措施中最低，提升節(jié)能改造項目的成本效益狀況，對外墻的節(jié)能設計和成本控制是重點；節(jié)能改造項目有巨大的環(huán)境效益，可以有效的節(jié)約能源與減排廢氣污染物。如果節(jié)能改造項目采取政府主導、業(yè)主參與投資并獲取供暖費用利潤的分攤投資資金的改造模式，業(yè)主的投資可以在6-7年內回收；政府每投入1元經濟投資，可實現節(jié)能36.2MJ，0.31元的環(huán)境減排效益。整個節(jié)能改造項目生命周期內可以減排CO2500多噸，SO2數十噸，減排效果顯著。 最后論文通過數據調研結合DANA半定量模型分析，識別且分析了節(jié)能改造市場發(fā)展的重要影響因素和制約障礙，對我國以華北為代表的采暖地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)既有住宅的節(jié)能改造的推廣現狀，以及開展中的實際瓶頸因素，進行了整理和分析總結，，并就我國現狀提出了培育建筑節(jié)能市場的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Energy-saving renovation of residential buildings in northern cities and towns is an important subject in the field of building energy conservation in China, and it is also one of the important components of the strategy of "energy saving and emission reduction" in China. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China plans to complete the energy-saving transformation of heating towns in the north of China over 400 million square meters, in which the amount of transformation in North China is huge, which is the focus of the reconstruction work. Since the initial investment of energy-saving and retrofit project is large and the external economy is strong, making it clear that its economy is conducive to the large-scale popularization of retrofit work, so the importance of cost-benefit analysis of energy-saving and retrofit project is becoming more and more prominent. In this paper, the cost-benefit of energy-saving renovation of urban residence in North China heating area is studied. In view of the cost-benefit situation of residential energy-saving transformation, the paper defines the incremental benefit and incremental cost of the renovation project, and establishes the cost-benefit analysis and evaluation model of energy-saving renovation in the whole life cycle environment. And the external environmental benefit of energy saving reconstruction project is analyzed quantitatively. The model takes into account the energy consumption and the additional pollutants produced by the increasing measures and the emission reduction of the pollutants during the operation period of the retrofit, and puts forward the monetization measurement formula of the environmental benefits of the energy-saving transformation. The paper collected the actual building data of northwest district of Tsinghua University, analyzed the cost and benefit of the building energy saving renovation project, and combined with the household interview and the investigation data of the owner. The economic indexes and environmental benefits of the transformation are estimated and measured according to different capital allocation models. The results show that the project can recover the cost and generate income in the life cycle of 14-16 years. The cost of exterior wall reconstruction is the lowest among all the measures, so it is very important to improve the cost benefit of the energy saving reconstruction project and the design and cost control of the exterior wall. Energy saving and retrofitting project has great environmental benefit, which can save energy and reduce emission effectively. If the energy saving renovation project is government-led, the owner participates in the investment and obtains the profit of heating cost, the owner's investment can be recovered within 6-7 years. For every 1 yuan of economic investment, the government can achieve energy saving 36.2 MJ 0.31 yuan environmental emission reduction benefits. In the whole life cycle of the energy saving transformation project, CO2500 can be reduced by many tons and SO2 by dozens of tons, so the effect of emission reduction is remarkable. Finally, through data research and DANA semi-quantitative model analysis, the paper identifies and analyzes the important factors and constraints of the development of energy-saving transformation market. In this paper, the present situation of the promotion of energy-saving transformation of existing residential buildings in the heating areas in North China, as well as the actual bottleneck factors in the development, are sorted out and analyzed and summarized. At the same time, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on cultivating building energy saving market in our country.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU241.91
本文編號：2333661
[Abstract]:Energy-saving renovation of residential buildings in northern cities and towns is an important subject in the field of building energy conservation in China, and it is also one of the important components of the strategy of "energy saving and emission reduction" in China. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China plans to complete the energy-saving transformation of heating towns in the north of China over 400 million square meters, in which the amount of transformation in North China is huge, which is the focus of the reconstruction work. Since the initial investment of energy-saving and retrofit project is large and the external economy is strong, making it clear that its economy is conducive to the large-scale popularization of retrofit work, so the importance of cost-benefit analysis of energy-saving and retrofit project is becoming more and more prominent. In this paper, the cost-benefit of energy-saving renovation of urban residence in North China heating area is studied. In view of the cost-benefit situation of residential energy-saving transformation, the paper defines the incremental benefit and incremental cost of the renovation project, and establishes the cost-benefit analysis and evaluation model of energy-saving renovation in the whole life cycle environment. And the external environmental benefit of energy saving reconstruction project is analyzed quantitatively. The model takes into account the energy consumption and the additional pollutants produced by the increasing measures and the emission reduction of the pollutants during the operation period of the retrofit, and puts forward the monetization measurement formula of the environmental benefits of the energy-saving transformation. The paper collected the actual building data of northwest district of Tsinghua University, analyzed the cost and benefit of the building energy saving renovation project, and combined with the household interview and the investigation data of the owner. The economic indexes and environmental benefits of the transformation are estimated and measured according to different capital allocation models. The results show that the project can recover the cost and generate income in the life cycle of 14-16 years. The cost of exterior wall reconstruction is the lowest among all the measures, so it is very important to improve the cost benefit of the energy saving reconstruction project and the design and cost control of the exterior wall. Energy saving and retrofitting project has great environmental benefit, which can save energy and reduce emission effectively. If the energy saving renovation project is government-led, the owner participates in the investment and obtains the profit of heating cost, the owner's investment can be recovered within 6-7 years. For every 1 yuan of economic investment, the government can achieve energy saving 36.2 MJ 0.31 yuan environmental emission reduction benefits. In the whole life cycle of the energy saving transformation project, CO2500 can be reduced by many tons and SO2 by dozens of tons, so the effect of emission reduction is remarkable. Finally, through data research and DANA semi-quantitative model analysis, the paper identifies and analyzes the important factors and constraints of the development of energy-saving transformation market. In this paper, the present situation of the promotion of energy-saving transformation of existing residential buildings in the heating areas in North China, as well as the actual bottleneck factors in the development, are sorted out and analyzed and summarized. At the same time, the paper puts forward some policy suggestions on cultivating building energy saving market in our country.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU241.91
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