【摘要】：近年來，在新農(nóng)村建設(shè)和城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展的不斷推動下，，我國村鎮(zhèn)住宅建設(shè)速度呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢，住宅投資迅速飆升。隨著經(jīng)濟不斷發(fā)展和農(nóng)民收入的不斷增加，農(nóng)民對居住條件的改善要求更加強烈，為適應(yīng)新疆嚴寒的氣候條件，該地區(qū)新建住宅慢慢變成了節(jié)能保溫型住宅，節(jié)能住宅與傳統(tǒng)住宅相比，提高了室內(nèi)舒適度，但增加了建造成本，因此節(jié)能住宅的投資成為農(nóng)民關(guān)注的焦點。而對于住宅建設(shè)項目來講，設(shè)計階段是決定工程建設(shè)經(jīng)濟性的關(guān)鍵階段，設(shè)計階段對整個住宅投資的影響達到75%以上，多數(shù)住宅項目都有一套對設(shè)計階段進行造價控制的方案，如通過方案優(yōu)化、限額設(shè)計、價值工程和全生命周期成本控制等方法對住宅投資進行有效控制，使投資者能夠節(jié)約成本。新疆地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)住宅量大面廣，但由于建設(shè)規(guī)模相對較小，因此對于住宅造價的投資控制往往被忽視。 本文以新疆嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)住宅為研究對象，借鑒建設(shè)項目在設(shè)計階段進行造價控制的方法，考慮村鎮(zhèn)住宅建造的特殊性，將造價控制方法合理的運用到小規(guī)模村鎮(zhèn)住宅建設(shè)過程中，提出了對于節(jié)能型村鎮(zhèn)住宅進行造價控制的運用過程，從而達到合理控制村鎮(zhèn)住宅建造成本的目的，主要研究成果如下： （1）通過查閱大量的國內(nèi)外文獻資料，總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外在住宅建設(shè)領(lǐng)域成本控制方面的歷史和現(xiàn)狀，并根據(jù)現(xiàn)在住宅造價控制情況，提出對新疆嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)節(jié)能住宅造價控制研究的緊迫性。 （2）闡釋利用限額設(shè)計和價值工程在設(shè)計階段進行造價控制的理論方法，并分析兩種方法單獨應(yīng)用的不足，提出兩者同時使用進行造價控制來確定最優(yōu)方案的思路。 （3）針對村鎮(zhèn)住宅進行了設(shè)計階段造價影響因素分析，并對新疆嚴寒地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)住宅建造情況進行了調(diào)研，提出了該地區(qū)節(jié)能型村鎮(zhèn)住宅優(yōu)化設(shè)計參考方案。 （4）提出節(jié)能村鎮(zhèn)住宅經(jīng)濟性評價模型，對新疆嚴寒地區(qū)節(jié)能型村鎮(zhèn)住宅進行了經(jīng)濟性評價，住宅進行節(jié)能措施后，煤炭使用量降低，在住宅壽命周期內(nèi)考慮煤炭價格的年增長率，增加的節(jié)能投資在11.45年內(nèi)就能回收，節(jié)能措施可行。 （5）利用限額設(shè)計和價值工程理論分析工程實際案例：投資者給定總投資額和確定的住宅戶型，利用廣聯(lián)達軟件計算三種結(jié)構(gòu)形式（磚混、框架、輕鋼）的預(yù)算成本，在控制總投資的前提下，利用價值工程分析各方案的功能、成本和價值系數(shù)，由此確定該案例中磚混結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計為最優(yōu)建造方案。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of new countryside and urbanization, the construction speed of village and town houses in our country is on the rise, and the housing investment is soaring rapidly. With the development of economy and the increase of farmers' income, the farmers' demand for improvement of living conditions is stronger. In order to adapt to the severe weather conditions in Xinjiang, the newly built houses in this area have gradually become energy-efficient and heat-preservation houses. Compared with the traditional residential buildings, energy-saving housing improves indoor comfort, but increases the cost of construction, so the investment of energy-saving housing has become the focus of farmers' attention. For residential construction projects, the design stage is the key stage to determine the economy of engineering construction, and the impact of the design stage on the whole housing investment reaches more than 75%. Most housing projects have a set of projects to control the cost of the design phase, such as project optimization, quota design, value engineering and life-cycle cost control and other methods to effectively control housing investment. Enable investors to save costs. The amount of residential buildings in villages and towns in Xinjiang is large and wide, but because of the relatively small scale of construction, the investment control of housing cost is often ignored. This paper takes the residential houses of villages and towns in the cold area of Xinjiang as the research object, referring to the method of cost control in the design stage of the construction projects, considering the particularity of the construction of the houses in villages and towns. This paper applies the method of cost control to the process of small scale village house construction, and puts forward the application process of cost control for energy saving village house, so as to achieve the purpose of reasonably controlling the construction cost of village and town residence. The main research results are as follows: (1) by consulting a large number of domestic and foreign literature, the paper summarizes the history and current situation of cost control in the field of housing construction, and according to the current situation of housing cost control, The urgency of the study on the cost control of energy-saving houses in villages and towns in severe cold area of Xinjiang is put forward. (2) explain the theory and method of cost control by using quota design and value engineering in the design stage, and analyze the shortage of the two methods used separately, and put forward the idea of using cost control to determine the optimal scheme simultaneously. (3) based on the analysis of the factors affecting the cost of the village residence in the design stage, the paper investigates the construction situation of the village house in the severe cold area of Xinjiang, and puts forward the optimum design plan of the energy-saving village house in this area. (4) the economic evaluation model of energy-saving village residence is put forward, and the economic evaluation of energy saving village house in severe cold area of Xinjiang is carried out. After the energy saving measures are carried out, the coal consumption is reduced. Considering the annual growth rate of coal price in the residential life cycle, the increased energy saving investment can be recovered within 11.45 years, and the energy-saving measures are feasible. (5) using the quota design and the theory of value engineering to analyze the actual engineering cases: the investor gives the total investment amount and the determined housing type, and calculates the budget cost of the three structural forms (brick-concrete, frame, light steel) by using the Guanglianda software. Under the premise of controlling the total investment, the function, cost and value coefficient of each scheme are analyzed by using value engineering, and the design of brick and concrete structure in this case is determined as the optimal construction scheme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU241;TU201.7

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