北方地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅供暖季適宜通風方式研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-02 17:33
【摘要】：隨著建筑節(jié)能要求的提高，建筑密閉性越來越好。北方地區(qū)的農(nóng)村住宅，沒有集中供暖系統(tǒng)，而是依靠室內(nèi)非清潔能源的燃燒來供暖。這導致室內(nèi)空氣污染嚴重，大大地影響了室內(nèi)人員的健康。 本文以改善北方地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅供暖季室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)為主要目的，對其供暖季的通風方式進行研究。由于北方地區(qū)供暖期間室外氣溫很低的客觀條件，以及考慮居民的經(jīng)濟承受能力，基于這些考慮，確立了以室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)、室內(nèi)熱舒適、經(jīng)濟性、噪聲為指標的多指標綜合評價指標體系。基于所建立的評價指標體系，利用多指標綜合評價中常用的層次分析法對不用的權重排序下各指標的權重取值方案進行了計算，獲得了19種不同方案下各評價指標的權重值。 根據(jù)對評價指標體系中各指標的考慮，對北方地區(qū)農(nóng)村住宅供暖季使用的通風方式進行了總結分析。針對生火（燃燒秸稈）后廚房和臥室污染物濃度急劇上升的現(xiàn)象，對這段時間不同通風方式下的廚房排煙和臥室通風進行了模擬研究，得到對應室內(nèi)污染物濃度場、溫度場、流場等。 對廚房排煙的模擬結果發(fā)現(xiàn)，廚房采用氣窗+引風機的方式與廚房依靠滲風+煙囪自然排煙兩種排煙方式相比，在秸稈燃燒結束時，廚房內(nèi)的CO、PM2.5濃度分別為1.89mg/m3、0.05mg/m3和3.84mg/m3、0.78mg/m3，兩者的CO濃度都滿足標準限值，而PM2.5只有采用氣窗+引風機的方式才滿足要求。 對臥室通風的模擬結果發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于所模擬的3種通風方式，排污效果最好的是開啟兩個窗扇進行通風。在廚房秸稈燃燒過程結束時，它所對應的室內(nèi)CO和PM2.5濃度分別為2.72mg/m3、0.13mg/m3。其中PM2.5濃度不滿足標準限值要求，說明所模擬的幾種臥室通風方式只能起到降低室內(nèi)污染物濃度的作用。 利用模擬數(shù)據(jù)，結合計算得到的19種不同權重取值方案對所模擬的3種廚房排煙方式和3種臥室通風方式的綜合評價值進行計算。結果顯示，對廚房的3種排煙方式，，如果認為室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)更重要，那么排煙方式氣窗+引風機更好，如果認為經(jīng)濟性更重要，那么采用滲風+煙囪自然排煙更好。而對臥室的3種通風方式，如果認為室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)更重要，那么開兩扇窗通風更好，如果認為室內(nèi)熱舒適更重要，那么采用滲透通風更好。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of building energy conservation requirements, building sealing is getting better and better. Rural homes in the north do not have central heating systems, but rely on the burning of indoor non-clean energy. This leads to serious indoor air pollution, greatly affecting the health of indoor personnel. The main purpose of this paper is to improve indoor air quality of rural residential buildings in northern China during heating season. Because of the objective conditions of very low outdoor temperature during heating in the northern region and the consideration of the residents' affordability, based on these considerations, the indoor air quality, indoor thermal comfort, and economy have been established. The index system of multi-index comprehensive evaluation based on noise. Based on the established evaluation index system, this paper calculates the weight selection scheme of each index under the order of unneeded weights by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which is commonly used in multi-index comprehensive evaluation, and obtains the weight values of each evaluation index under 19 different schemes. Based on the consideration of each index in the evaluation index system, the ventilation modes of rural residential buildings in northern China during heating season are summarized and analyzed. Aiming at the phenomenon that pollutant concentration in kitchen and bedroom increased sharply after burning straw, the smoke exhaust and bedroom ventilation of kitchen under different ventilation modes during this period were simulated, and the corresponding indoor pollutant concentration field and temperature field were obtained. Flow field, etc. The simulation results of smoke exhaust in kitchen show that the air window fan is used in the kitchen and the CO, in the kitchen is compared with that in the kitchen by the natural exhaust of the chimney. At the end of the straw burning, the CO, in the kitchen is found to be in the kitchen. The PM2.5 concentration is 1.89 mg / m ~ (3) 0. 05 mg / m ~ 3 and 3.84 mg / m ~ (3) 0. 78 mg / m ~ (3) respectively. The CO concentration of both meets the standard limit, while the PM2.5 can only meet the requirements by using the air window induced fan. The simulation results of bedroom ventilation show that for the three simulated ventilation modes, the best drainage effect is to open two window sashes for ventilation. At the end of kitchen straw burning, the indoor CO and PM2.5 concentrations were 2.72 mg / m ~ (3) and 0.13 mg / m ~ (3), respectively. The concentration of PM2.5 does not meet the standard limit, which shows that the simulated ventilation modes of bedroom can only reduce the concentration of indoor pollutants. Based on the simulated data and 19 different weight schemes, the comprehensive evaluation values of 3 kinds of kitchen smoke exhaust modes and 3 kinds of bedroom ventilation modes were calculated. The results showed that if the indoor air quality was more important, the air window induced fan was better for the three types of exhaust smoke in the kitchen, and if the economy was more important, it would be better to use the natural exhaust smoke from the seeped chimney. For the three ventilation modes of the bedroom, if the indoor air quality is more important, then it is better to open two windows, and if the indoor thermal comfort is more important, it is better to adopt permeable ventilation.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU834
本文編號：2306472
[Abstract]:With the improvement of building energy conservation requirements, building sealing is getting better and better. Rural homes in the north do not have central heating systems, but rely on the burning of indoor non-clean energy. This leads to serious indoor air pollution, greatly affecting the health of indoor personnel. The main purpose of this paper is to improve indoor air quality of rural residential buildings in northern China during heating season. Because of the objective conditions of very low outdoor temperature during heating in the northern region and the consideration of the residents' affordability, based on these considerations, the indoor air quality, indoor thermal comfort, and economy have been established. The index system of multi-index comprehensive evaluation based on noise. Based on the established evaluation index system, this paper calculates the weight selection scheme of each index under the order of unneeded weights by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), which is commonly used in multi-index comprehensive evaluation, and obtains the weight values of each evaluation index under 19 different schemes. Based on the consideration of each index in the evaluation index system, the ventilation modes of rural residential buildings in northern China during heating season are summarized and analyzed. Aiming at the phenomenon that pollutant concentration in kitchen and bedroom increased sharply after burning straw, the smoke exhaust and bedroom ventilation of kitchen under different ventilation modes during this period were simulated, and the corresponding indoor pollutant concentration field and temperature field were obtained. Flow field, etc. The simulation results of smoke exhaust in kitchen show that the air window fan is used in the kitchen and the CO, in the kitchen is compared with that in the kitchen by the natural exhaust of the chimney. At the end of the straw burning, the CO, in the kitchen is found to be in the kitchen. The PM2.5 concentration is 1.89 mg / m ~ (3) 0. 05 mg / m ~ 3 and 3.84 mg / m ~ (3) 0. 78 mg / m ~ (3) respectively. The CO concentration of both meets the standard limit, while the PM2.5 can only meet the requirements by using the air window induced fan. The simulation results of bedroom ventilation show that for the three simulated ventilation modes, the best drainage effect is to open two window sashes for ventilation. At the end of kitchen straw burning, the indoor CO and PM2.5 concentrations were 2.72 mg / m ~ (3) and 0.13 mg / m ~ (3), respectively. The concentration of PM2.5 does not meet the standard limit, which shows that the simulated ventilation modes of bedroom can only reduce the concentration of indoor pollutants. Based on the simulated data and 19 different weight schemes, the comprehensive evaluation values of 3 kinds of kitchen smoke exhaust modes and 3 kinds of bedroom ventilation modes were calculated. The results showed that if the indoor air quality was more important, the air window induced fan was better for the three types of exhaust smoke in the kitchen, and if the economy was more important, it would be better to use the natural exhaust smoke from the seeped chimney. For the three ventilation modes of the bedroom, if the indoor air quality is more important, then it is better to open two windows, and if the indoor thermal comfort is more important, it is better to adopt permeable ventilation.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU834
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