【摘要】：巖石受力災(zāi)變過程會(huì)產(chǎn)生多種物理效應(yīng),引起如電磁輻射(包括紅外輻射)、聲發(fā)射、形變、溫度等物理量的變化,通過不同監(jiān)測手段對(duì)這些物理量進(jìn)行聯(lián)合觀測,將采集的多種信息關(guān)聯(lián)和綜合分析,以解決單一信息源無法識(shí)別或準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別巖石災(zāi)變前兆的問題。本文首先研究了巖石加載過程紅外輻射溫度場與聲發(fā)射特征的定量表示方法：為刻畫加載過程紅外輻射溫度場的分異特征,引入分形、熵和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)理論,提出用特征粗糙度、熵和方差作為指標(biāo)定量描述加載過程紅外輻射溫度場的演化特征；研究了多種聲發(fā)射特征參數(shù),包括聲發(fā)射能量參數(shù)(能率和累積能量)、事件參數(shù)(事件率和累積事件數(shù))、6值,并將熵引入到巖石聲發(fā)射參數(shù)中。然后,進(jìn)行了三種典型巖石試樣加載(包括含孔巖石雙軸加載、巖石剪切加載、雁列模型雙軸加載)過程的紅外輻射和聲發(fā)射聯(lián)合監(jiān)測實(shí)驗(yàn),獲取加載過程的多個(gè)熱像和聲發(fā)射參數(shù),系統(tǒng)分析了加載過程熱像和聲發(fā)射參數(shù)的變化特征和前兆特性,最后進(jìn)行兩者之間的對(duì)比分析。主要得到以下結(jié)論：1)提出了紅外熱像定量特征描述的3個(gè)指標(biāo)—熱像特征粗糙度、熵值和方差,發(fā)現(xiàn)3種指標(biāo)都能較好地定量刻畫巖石加載過程紅外輻射溫度場的演化與分異特征,效果均好于以往使用的指標(biāo)AIRT。3個(gè)指標(biāo)在巖石加載過程中基木表現(xiàn)出三階段的變化特征,分為初期穩(wěn)定階段、中期上升階段和后期加速上升階段,分別反映出巖石加載不同階段紅外輻射溫度場的分異程度。熱像特征粗糙度對(duì)溫度場的局部變化更敏感,熵值適宜于刻畫巖石加載的階段性特征,但其巖石破裂前兆識(shí)別能力不如方差和特征粗糙度。2)系統(tǒng)研究了巖石加載過程中表征聲發(fā)射時(shí)序特征的6個(gè)參數(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)不同聲發(fā)射參數(shù)在巖石加載過程中的表現(xiàn)特征不同,聲發(fā)射能量參數(shù)表現(xiàn)為加載前期低能量釋放、中期慢速增加和后期快速釋放；聲發(fā)射事件參數(shù)表現(xiàn)為低應(yīng)力階段較小、中應(yīng)力階段隨應(yīng)力增加而增加、高應(yīng)力階段突然轉(zhuǎn)入平靜；b值表現(xiàn)為前期波動(dòng)性下降和后期臨破壞時(shí)的快速下降；而熵值的變化則與b值正好相反。各參數(shù)的對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn),聲發(fā)射能量參數(shù)和事件參數(shù)能夠反映巖石應(yīng)力發(fā)展的階段性,而聲發(fā)射b值和聲發(fā)射熵值僅能捕捉巖石破壞前兆。在前兆的表征方面,熵值出現(xiàn)前兆最早,b值最晚,聲發(fā)射累積參數(shù)曲線對(duì)于巖石破壞前兆識(shí)別最為容易,也易于在工程實(shí)踐中操作。3)對(duì)巖石加載過程中紅外與聲發(fā)射演化特征進(jìn)行對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)巖石破裂聲發(fā)射前兆要早于紅外熱像前兆。聲發(fā)射參數(shù)適宜于巖石破壞早期預(yù)報(bào),紅外熱像參數(shù)適宜于晚期或短臨預(yù)報(bào)。將熱成像技術(shù)和聲發(fā)射技術(shù)聯(lián)合應(yīng)用于巖石受力災(zāi)變監(jiān)測,能夠提高災(zāi)變前兆識(shí)別的可靠性。本研究成果豐富了遙感-巖石力學(xué)的內(nèi)容,為巖石受力災(zāi)變的熱紅外和聲發(fā)射聯(lián)合監(jiān)測及預(yù)警提供了理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the process of rock stress relaxation, various physical effects can be generated, such as changes of physical quantities such as electromagnetic radiation (including infrared radiation), acoustic emission, deformation, temperature and the like, joint observation of these physical quantities through different monitoring means, association and comprehensive analysis of collected information, so as to solve the problem that the single information source can not identify or accurately identify the precursor of the rock burst. In this paper, the quantitative expression method of infrared radiation temperature field and acoustic emission characteristic of rock loading process is studied in this paper. In order to characterize the temperature field of infrared radiation in loading process, the fractal, entropy and statistical theory are introduced, and the feature roughness is proposed. The entropy and variance are used as indicators to describe the evolution characteristics of infrared radiation temperature field during loading process, and a variety of acoustic emission characteristic parameters including acoustic emission energy parameters (energy and cumulative energy), event parameters (event rate and cumulative number of events), 6 values are studied. and the entropy is introduced into the rock acoustic emission parameters. The infrared radiation and acoustic emission combined monitoring experiment of three typical rock sample loading (including hole rock biaxial loading, rock shear loading and goose train model biaxial loading) is carried out, and a plurality of thermal images and acoustic emission parameters of the loading process are acquired, The characteristics and precursor characteristics of thermal image and acoustic emission parameters of loading process are analyzed systematically, and the comparison and analysis between them are carried out. The following conclusions are mainly obtained: 1) Three indexes of infrared thermal image quantitative characterization are proposed, such as feature roughness, entropy value and variance, and it is found that three indexes can quantitatively describe the evolution and different characteristics of infrared radiation temperature field in rock loading process. The effect is better than that of the index AIRT used in the past. Three indexes in the rock loading process show three stages of change characteristics, which are divided into the initial stabilization stage, the middle stage rising stage and the later acceleration rising stage, respectively reflecting the different degree of the temperature field of the infrared radiation at different stages of rock loading. The thermal image feature roughness is more sensitive to the local variation of the temperature field, and the entropy value is suitable for describing the periodic characteristics of rock loading, but the rock burst precursor identification ability is inferior to the variance and the characteristic roughness. It is found that different acoustic emission parameters are characterized by different performance characteristics during rock loading. Acoustic emission energy parameters are shown as low energy release at pre-loading, slow increase in medium term and rapid release at later stage. Acoustic emission event parameters show low stress stage. The stress phase increases with the increase of the stress, and the high stress stage suddenly turns into calm; b value appears as a fast decrease in the earlier stage fluctuation descent and the late-stage temporary damage; and the change of the entropy value is just opposite to the b value. It is found that acoustic emission energy parameters and event parameters can reflect the stages of rock stress development, while acoustic emission b and acoustic emission entropy can only capture the precursor of rock damage. In the characterization of precursors, the entropy value is the earliest and the b value is the most late. The acoustic emission accumulation parameter curve is most easily identified for rock damage precursor recognition and is easy to operate in engineering practice. 3) The infrared and acoustic emission evolution characteristics are compared in the process of rock loading. It is found that rock breaking sound emission precursors should be early in infrared thermal image precursors. Acoustic emission parameters are suitable for early prediction of rock damage, and infrared thermal imaging parameters are suitable for advanced or short-term prediction. The combination of thermal imaging technology and acoustic emission technology in rock stress monitoring can improve the reliability of precursor identification. The results enrich the content of remote sensing-rock mechanics, and provide theoretical and experimental basis for the combined monitoring and early warning of the thermal infrared and acoustic emission of rock mechanics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU45

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：2292372