【摘要】：人類的生活水平不斷提高,人們對(duì)健康的關(guān)注程度逐漸增加,醫(yī)院又是預(yù)防疾病和管理健康最主要的機(jī)構(gòu),所以醫(yī)院對(duì)人們?cè)絹碓街匾＝陙黻P(guān)于醫(yī)院建筑的研究較多,但是關(guān)于醫(yī)院病房?jī)?nèi)病人熱舒適的研究相對(duì)較少。本文依托國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目《醫(yī)療建筑熱濕環(huán)境對(duì)人體健康影響研究》(No.51278506),對(duì)病人新陳代謝及病房人員熱舒適展開研究。國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于醫(yī)院病房病人熱舒適的研究主要以Fanger教授的PMV模型為基礎(chǔ),得到病人的熱中性溫度等參數(shù),沒有考慮病人患病的特殊性。已有研究表明病人的新陳代謝率與健康人不同,所以將健康人的新陳代謝率直接應(yīng)用到病人熱舒適研究是不妥的。首先,本文通過對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外人體能量預(yù)測(cè)研究成果的分析整理,找到了14個(gè)現(xiàn)在應(yīng)用廣泛的能量預(yù)測(cè)公式,通過綜合分析預(yù)測(cè)公式在準(zhǔn)確率、偏差等方面性能,發(fā)現(xiàn)Ireton-Jones1992公式可以較為準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)病人能量代謝。因此本文用該公式計(jì)算病人的能量代謝,將其代入Fanger教授的PMV模型對(duì)病人的熱舒適進(jìn)行研究。然后,對(duì)重慶某所三級(jí)甲等醫(yī)院普通病房進(jìn)行了冬季和夏季的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn),了解病房熱環(huán)境及病人熱舒適的情況,共獲得有效問卷1078份。根據(jù)調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù),用Ireton-Jones1992公式計(jì)算得到的得到的冬、夏季病人平均新陳代謝率分別為42.63 W/、42.56 W/,均大于《民用建筑室內(nèi)熱濕環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》推薦的40.71 W/。采用Bin法,得到了病房病人實(shí)測(cè)和預(yù)測(cè)熱中性溫度,將此結(jié)果與規(guī)范給出的新陳代謝率得到的熱中性溫度進(jìn)行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種方法得到的結(jié)果差異不明顯。將病房科室分為內(nèi)科和外科,發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)、外科疾病對(duì)熱舒適的影響較小。最后,根據(jù)病人和陪護(hù)人員的熱感覺投票,分別得到了病人和陪護(hù)的可接受溫度區(qū)間,取20%不滿意率的交集部分,得到了病房人員的可接受溫度。冬、夏季的病房可接受溫度區(qū)間分別為20.4℃~22.4℃和24.6℃~26.5℃。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of human living standard, people pay more and more attention to health. Hospital is the most important organization to prevent disease and manage health, so hospital is more and more important to people. In recent years, there are more researches on hospital buildings, but there are few researches on the thermal comfort of patients in hospital wards. Based on the project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51278506), this paper studies the metabolism of patients and the thermal comfort of ward staff. The domestic research on the thermal comfort of hospital ward patients is mainly based on the PMV model of Professor Fanger. The parameters such as thermal neutral temperature of patients are obtained without considering the particularity of patients' illness. Studies have shown that the metabolic rate of patients is different from that of healthy people, so it is inappropriate to directly apply the metabolic rate of healthy people to the study of patients' thermal comfort. First of all, by analyzing the research results of human body energy prediction at home and abroad, 14 widely used energy prediction formulas are found in this paper. It is found that the Ireton-Jones1992 formula can accurately predict the energy metabolism of patients. In this paper, the energy metabolism of patients is calculated by this formula, and the thermal comfort of patients is studied by inserting it into Professor Fanger's PMV model. Then, the field experiments in winter and summer in general ward of a Grade 3A hospital in Chongqing were carried out to understand the thermal environment and thermal comfort of the patients, and 1078 valid questionnaires were obtained. According to the investigation data, the average metabolic rate in winter and summer was 42.63 W / r and 42.56 W / r, respectively, calculated by Ireton-Jones1992 formula, which was higher than the 40.71 W / r recommended by the Standard for evaluating the Indoor Thermal and humid Environment of Civil buildings. The thermal neutral temperature was measured and predicted by the Bin method. The results were compared with those obtained by the standard metabolic rate. There was no significant difference between the two methods. The ward departments were divided into internal medicine and surgery, and the effect of surgical diseases on thermal comfort was found to be small. Finally, the acceptable temperature range of patient and attendant is obtained according to the heat sensation of patient and attendant, and the acceptable temperature of ward staff is obtained by taking the intersection part of 20% dissatisfied rate. The acceptable temperature ranges in winter and summer are 20.4 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2291393