室內(nèi)外細(xì)顆粒物污染及空氣凈化
[Abstract]:At present, atmospheric fine particle pollution has become a hot spot in aerosol research at home and abroad. The sources of atmospheric fine particles are very complex, and it is easy to adsorb toxic heavy metals, acid oxides, organic pollutants and so on. PM2.5 pollution characteristics, health effects and source analysis and purification techniques need to be systematically studied in China. Therefore, in order to understand the physical and chemical characteristics of fine particles and the removal effect of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 by relevant purification techniques, this paper uses particulate air sampler and portable instrument to measure and sample PM2.5 in individual urban locations. The pollution characteristics and temporal and spatial variation of fine particles in sampling sites were studied. The chemical composition and analysis method of PM2.5 and the weather change were studied. Risk assessment, source and purifying technology, such as purifier, were studied in several aspects of purifying indoor fine particulate pollution. The results showed that: (1) the portable measuring instrument is convenient and practical, after one minute to draw air, The pollution concentration was directly displayed on the display screen. The results showed that there was a prominent indoor PM2.5 pollution problem in the indoor air of the test site in Dalian, and the main sources of the pollution were food and beverage and traffic waste gas. The concentration of PM2.5 fluctuated greatly in one day. The meteorological factors play a leading role. Under the condition of opening windows and exchanging air, the meteorological conditions have a great influence on the indoor PM2.5 concentration of the experimental sites. The average concentration of PM2.5 contaminants during sampling period was measured by weighing after constant temperature and humidity after sampling with 100L/min sampler with medium flow rate for more than 18 hours. The concentration of PM2.5 was measured in the range of 93-117 渭 g/m3 in spring and in 40-114gg/m3 in summer. (2) PAHs mainly exists in air in the form of gas and solid, in which the solid is mainly adsorbed on fine particles. Glass fiber filter membrane and polyurethane foam (PUF) were used to sample the indoor PAHs of printer and the sampling point of outdoor industrial pollution source area. It was found that the total amount of 16 kinds of PAHs on outdoor sample PM2.5 was 1797ng / m3PUF and the total amount of 16 kinds of PAHs on PM2.5 was 799ng / m3. The PAHs of particulate matter was higher than that of gaseous PAHs, in air. The PAHs, of phenanthrene on PM2.5 was 1371 ng / m3, which accounted for 76% of the total amount of solid PAHs, while benzo (a) anthracene was the most abundant PAHs, on gaseous PAHs, which accounted for 43% of the total amount of PAHs in gaseous state. (3) Indoor air pollution can be significantly reduced by using a certain brand of purifier. The formaldehyde content was reduced from 0.130ppm to 0.096 ppm for half an hour, and the removal rate was 26ppm.The formaldehyde level decreased from 0.130ppm to 0.081ppmat 1h, and the removal rate reached 37.7ppm. PM2.5 was reduced from 88 渭 g/m3 to 8 ~ 9 渭 g / m ~ (3) in one hour, and the removal rate was 89.8-91.It has a high removal rate for fine particles. (4) by using the conductivity of polypyrrole, the non-woven fabric was modified to make a new conductive film, which was used as negative electrode. Using stainless steel net as positive electrode, the 5 experimental voltages of 1V / 2V / 5V / 10V / 10V / 20V were set by using a small power supply. By controlling the flow rate, the removal rate of PM2.5 was compared between the dry modified film and the wetted modified film under the above conditions, respectively. It was found that the removal rate of PM2.5 of wet modified membrane was slightly higher than that of dry modified membrane, the removal rate of PM2.5 reached 90%, the removal rate of PM2.5 at low flow rate was higher than that of PM2.5 under high flow rate, and the removal rate of PM2.5 at high voltage was higher than that of PM2.5 at low voltage. However, the voltage value of high PM2.5 removal rate is slightly different with different flow rate. The PM2.5 removal equipment designed with this new material can provide a new product choice for protecting people's health.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:X51;TU834.8
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