【摘要】：樁基礎(chǔ)作為隱蔽工程,使得樁的質(zhì)量不容易把控,樁基檢測(cè)工作顯得尤為重要,也是工程中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。本文主要是研究樁基檢測(cè)的原理及應(yīng)用,探討分析不同檢測(cè)方法得到的缺陷樁的信號(hào)特征和區(qū)別,從而正確有效地判斷樁基的缺陷,給出完整性判定。本文結(jié)合福建某工程項(xiàng)目的建設(shè),利用低應(yīng)變反射波法、聲波透射法及鉆孔取芯法進(jìn)行了樁基完整性評(píng)價(jià),完成的主要工作和得到的結(jié)論如下:(1)在廣泛查閱文獻(xiàn)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)常用樁基完整性檢測(cè)方法的概念、測(cè)試儀器和設(shè)備、檢測(cè)流程及注意事項(xiàng)等進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)敘述,分析各方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),探討了相關(guān)技術(shù)的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究發(fā)展和現(xiàn)狀。(2)詳細(xì)闡述了利用鉆芯法、聲波透射法和低應(yīng)變反射波法進(jìn)行樁基完整性檢測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)理論,包括聲波與振動(dòng)、波傳播特點(diǎn)、反射透射及樁基縱向振動(dòng)波動(dòng)方程、反射波法樁身缺陷診斷原理等,便于檢測(cè)人員在實(shí)踐應(yīng)用中懂得如何尋求合適的方法,減少差異,準(zhǔn)確分析問(wèn)題,使理論服務(wù)于實(shí)踐。(3)介紹了低應(yīng)變反射波法的準(zhǔn)備工作、傳感器安裝與激振等技術(shù),結(jié)合現(xiàn)行規(guī)范針對(duì)典型樁基缺陷的時(shí)域反射曲線進(jìn)行了分析。闡述超聲波法樁基完整性檢測(cè)的聲測(cè)管預(yù)埋工作、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)技術(shù),對(duì)波速、波幅及PSD判據(jù)的計(jì)算作分析說(shuō)明,并總結(jié)出上述物理學(xué)參數(shù)和缺陷的規(guī)律。(4)結(jié)合工程實(shí)踐樁基檢測(cè)工作,研究了進(jìn)行聲波透射法、低應(yīng)變反射波法和鉆芯法綜合檢測(cè)的必要性,定性且定量缺陷的特征和位置。每種方法都有優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),用不同的手段合理檢測(cè),對(duì)比分析,既能相互驗(yàn)證彼此的準(zhǔn)確性,也能取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,有效避免不必要的漏檢、誤檢,提高樁基檢測(cè)的精度與可靠度。本文以低應(yīng)變檢測(cè)法從整體視察樁身質(zhì)量,由它的使用特點(diǎn),可以作為樁基質(zhì)量普查的方法。但是其對(duì)于樁基缺陷的定性和定量描述仍顯得乏力,尤其在樁身淺部有缺陷時(shí),曲線容易失真,聲波透射法恰巧可以彌補(bǔ)這個(gè)缺點(diǎn),準(zhǔn)確定位缺陷,通過(guò)有關(guān)聲學(xué)參數(shù)的計(jì)算,定量缺陷類型也綽綽有余。然而,聲波透射法僅針對(duì)所檢測(cè)的剖面內(nèi)有較高準(zhǔn)確性,檢測(cè)盲區(qū)若存在缺陷,還需要低應(yīng)變的宏觀定性。兩種方法的綜合應(yīng)用,去偽存真,為提高檢測(cè)的精確度起到錦上添花作用。
[Abstract]:Pile foundation, as a hidden engineering, makes the quality of pile difficult to control, pile foundation inspection is particularly important, but also the key and difficult point in the engineering. In this paper, the principle and application of pile foundation detection are studied, and the signal characteristics and differences of defective pile obtained by different testing methods are discussed, so that the defect of pile foundation can be judged correctly and effectively, and the integrity judgment is given. Based on the construction of a project in Fujian Province, this paper evaluates the integrity of pile foundation by means of low strain reflection wave method, acoustic wave transmission method and drilling coring method. The main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the extensive reference to the literature, This paper describes in detail the concept of common pile foundation integrity testing methods, testing instruments and equipment, testing flow and points for attention, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The research development and present situation of related technologies at home and abroad are discussed. (2) the basic theory of pile foundation integrity detection by drilling core method, acoustic wave transmission method and low strain reflection wave method is described in detail, including acoustic wave and vibration, wave propagation characteristics. The reflection transmission and longitudinal vibration wave equation of pile foundation, the principle of pile body defect diagnosis by reflection wave method and so on, are convenient for the examiner to find suitable methods in practical application, to reduce the difference and to analyze the problem accurately. Make the theory serve the practice. (3) introduce the preparation of low strain reflection wave method, sensor installation and exciting technology, and analyze the time-domain reflection curve of typical pile foundation defects according to the current code. This paper describes the work of acoustic pipe embedded in ultrasonic pile foundation integrity testing, the field detection technology, and the calculation of wave velocity, amplitude and PSD criterion, as well as the analysis and explanation of the calculation of the wave velocity, amplitude and PSD criterion. The above physical parameters and defects are summarized. (4) combined with the engineering practice of pile foundation detection, the necessity of comprehensive detection of acoustic transmission method, low strain reflection wave method and core drilling method is studied, and the qualitative and quantitative defect characteristics and location are also studied. Each method has its own merits and demerits. Using different methods to detect and compare each other can not only verify each other's accuracy, but also make up for each other's shortcomings, effectively avoid unnecessary missed detection and false detection, and improve the accuracy and reliability of pile foundation detection. In this paper, the method of low strain inspection is used to inspect the quality of pile body from the whole. According to the characteristics of its application, it can be used as a method of investigating the quality of pile foundation. However, the qualitative and quantitative description of the defects of pile foundation is still weak, especially when there are defects in the shallow part of the pile, the curve is easy to be distorted, the sound wave transmission method can make up for this shortcoming, locate the defect accurately, and calculate the acoustic parameters through the calculation of the acoustic parameters. Quantitative defect types are more than adequate. However, the acoustic transmission method only has a high accuracy in the detected section. If there are defects in the blind area, the macroscopic qualitative analysis of low strain is needed. The combined application of the two methods can improve the accuracy of detection by discriminating false objects and retaining real things.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TU473.1

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