【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,城市中的建筑物及人口數(shù)量都在不斷增多,使得火災(zāi)的發(fā)生頻率及造成的危害在不斷攀升。在火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí),如何對(duì)發(fā)生火災(zāi)的位置進(jìn)行及時(shí)定位,如何將進(jìn)入火場(chǎng)執(zhí)行救援任務(wù)的消防人員的位置及相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)傳送給火場(chǎng)外的指揮人員,輔助他們進(jìn)行最優(yōu)人員分配,已成為一個(gè)很重要的研究方向。本文基于上述研究方向,提出了一種基于ZigBee的室內(nèi)定位改進(jìn)算法和一種基于定位的最優(yōu)人員分配算法,將這些算法應(yīng)用到了室內(nèi)火災(zāi)救援中,設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種基于ZigBee的輔助救援決策平臺(tái)。 首先,本文在論證了ZigBee技術(shù)在室內(nèi)定位中可行的前提下,結(jié)合ZigBee自身網(wǎng)絡(luò)特點(diǎn)及本文所設(shè)的應(yīng)用背景,從溫度監(jiān)控、火災(zāi)報(bào)警以及輔助決策三個(gè)方面給出了基于ZigBee的輔助決策平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)框架�？紤]到平臺(tái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵是室內(nèi)定位與人員分配問題,本文提出了一種基于ZigBee的室內(nèi)定位改進(jìn)算法以及一種基于定位的最優(yōu)人員分配算法的設(shè)計(jì)思路。 其次,在定位算法設(shè)計(jì)思路的基礎(chǔ)上,本文給出了一種基于ZigBee的動(dòng)態(tài)區(qū)域誤差因子定位算法的具體描述。該算法主要提出了一種動(dòng)態(tài)區(qū)域誤差因子,通過將最小二乘法與動(dòng)態(tài)區(qū)域誤差因子相結(jié)合的方法,計(jì)算盲節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置坐標(biāo),以達(dá)到提高定位精度的效果,并在軟件和硬件兩個(gè)方面對(duì)該算法進(jìn)行了精度驗(yàn)證。Matlab中的仿真結(jié)果證明,在節(jié)點(diǎn)處于靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)兩種情況下,該算法在定位精度上都有顯著的提升。在基于CC2530的硬件算法實(shí)現(xiàn)上,通過定位測(cè)距實(shí)驗(yàn),從現(xiàn)實(shí)中進(jìn)一步證明了該算法在硬件上的可行性及定位精確性。 再次,在人員分配算法設(shè)計(jì)思路的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出了一種基于定位的最優(yōu)人員分配算法。通過分析比較各種相關(guān)算法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)以及結(jié)合本文火場(chǎng)決策的應(yīng)用背景,最終選擇模糊多指標(biāo)決策方法(FMCDM, Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making)來實(shí)現(xiàn)本文的最優(yōu)人員分配算法。該算法通過對(duì)距離、環(huán)境以及裝備等相關(guān)決策因素的計(jì)算與排序,實(shí)現(xiàn)相關(guān)消防人員的最優(yōu)分配選擇。 然后,本文在VB軟件平臺(tái)上對(duì)輔助救援決策平臺(tái)的溫度監(jiān)控、火災(zāi)報(bào)警、輔助決策這三大模塊進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。詳細(xì)介紹了整個(gè)平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟,并對(duì)平臺(tái)的運(yùn)行流程進(jìn)行了描述。 最后,本文對(duì)整體的論文工作進(jìn)行了總結(jié)與展望,指出了本文所設(shè)計(jì)的輔助救援決策平臺(tái)中有待解決和完善的問題及進(jìn)一步開發(fā)需要開展的工作。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the number of buildings and people in the city is increasing, which makes the frequency of fire and the harm caused by fire rising. When a fire occurs, how to locate the location of the fire in time, how to transfer the location of the firefighters who enter the fire site to carry out rescue tasks and related data to the fire site Based on the above research directions, an improved indoor location algorithm based on ZigBee and a location-based optimal personnel allocation algorithm are proposed in this paper. These algorithms are applied to indoor fire rescue, and are designed and implemented. An aided Rescue Decision Platform Based on ZigBee.
Firstly, on the premise of demonstrating the feasibility of ZigBee technology in indoor positioning, combining with the characteristics of ZigBee's own network and the application background set up in this paper, the design framework of the aided decision-making platform based on ZigBee is given from three aspects: temperature monitoring, fire alarm and assistant decision-making. In this paper, an improved indoor positioning algorithm based on ZigBee and a location-based optimal personnel allocation algorithm are proposed.
Secondly, based on the design idea of localization algorithm, this paper gives a detailed description of a dynamic region error factor localization algorithm based on ZigBee. This algorithm mainly proposes a dynamic region error factor, and calculates the position coordinates of blind nodes by combining the least square method with the dynamic region error factor. In order to improve the positioning accuracy, the algorithm is validated both in software and hardware. The simulation results in MATLAB show that the positioning accuracy of the algorithm is significantly improved under both static and dynamic conditions. In the hardware algorithm based on CC2530, the positioning and ranging experiments are carried out to verify the accuracy of the algorithm. It further proves the feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm in hardware.
Thirdly, on the basis of the idea of personnel allocation algorithm design, this paper proposes an optimal personnel allocation algorithm based on location. By analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various related algorithms and combining with the application background of fire field decision-making in this paper, the fuzzy multiple Criteria decision-making method (FMCDM) is finally selected. The algorithm realizes the optimal allocation of firefighters by calculating and ranking the distance, environment and equipment related decision-making factors.
Then, this paper designs and implements the temperature monitoring, fire alarm and assistant decision-making modules of the assistant rescue decision-making platform on the VB software platform.
Finally, this paper summarizes and prospects the overall work of the paper, and points out the problems to be solved and perfected in the assistant rescue decision-making platform designed in this paper and the work to be carried out for further development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU998.1;TN92

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