【摘要】：工程項(xiàng)目中,各部門在時(shí)間方面日益激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)已成為當(dāng)前的趨勢(shì)。時(shí)間在上世紀(jì)八十年代就被認(rèn)為是一種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)資源,并且項(xiàng)目的時(shí)間性能現(xiàn)已是吸引項(xiàng)目管理者致力于改進(jìn)的一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)。重大工程項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)就其產(chǎn)出效果而言,要么對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展起積極的推動(dòng)作用,反之則對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起消極作用,影響經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序和社會(huì)發(fā)展,所以歷來受到國(guó)家和社會(huì)的高度重視和廣泛關(guān)注。本文受重大項(xiàng)目運(yùn)用模擬仿真方法尋找隱藏工作思路的啟發(fā),通過研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)劃的路長(zhǎng)的悖論,確定了工序之間存在的重疊、等待等各類約束能夠產(chǎn)生隱性工序。本文通過研究各類約束的特性給出了尋找隱性工序的方法,證明了隱性工序是一類特殊的約束工序,它不消耗任何人、財(cái)、物等資源,但是它又伴隨著對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)工序所共生,其大小,隨著對(duì)應(yīng)的實(shí)工序的大小變化而變化。帶有隱性工序的實(shí)工序與普通的實(shí)工序相比,在性質(zhì)上也發(fā)生了巨大的變化,例如無隱性工序存在的實(shí)工序,其機(jī)動(dòng)時(shí)間只能越用越少,絕對(duì)不可能越用越多；但是有隱性工序存在的實(shí)工序,其機(jī)動(dòng)時(shí)間可能越用越多。為了更好地研究這些現(xiàn)象,我們定義了一種新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)—隱性網(wǎng)絡(luò),定義了時(shí)間參數(shù)、證明了隱性網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的路長(zhǎng)和時(shí)間網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的時(shí)間參數(shù)(特別是機(jī)動(dòng)時(shí)間)的關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)律,且一進(jìn)步論證了隱性網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有允許負(fù)回路的存在、工序的最長(zhǎng)路線不唯一,帶有零回路和不帶有零回路的最大路長(zhǎng)值不同三個(gè)方面的特別性質(zhì),還論述了隱性網(wǎng)絡(luò)回路的特性。并在隱性網(wǎng)絡(luò)中研究了關(guān)鍵工序的工期變化對(duì)總工期的影響。分析了正關(guān)鍵工序、反關(guān)鍵工序和點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵工序的動(dòng)態(tài)特性,給出了變化范圍。從這些特性可以看出,對(duì)于關(guān)鍵工序的使用不當(dāng),不但不能夠起到優(yōu)化工期的作用反而會(huì)導(dǎo)致總工期推遲。在研究關(guān)鍵工序的特性后,我們自然地想到了非關(guān)鍵工序。在討論非關(guān)鍵工序的時(shí)候,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了非關(guān)鍵工序的四種奇異現(xiàn)象,根據(jù)理論上和邏輯上的推理,得出了在隱性網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,非關(guān)鍵工序的總時(shí)差并不總是一個(gè)值,而是根據(jù)其使用方式的不同,具有三個(gè)值。因此我們定義了三種總時(shí)差,分別是移動(dòng)總時(shí)差、延長(zhǎng)總時(shí)差和縮短總時(shí)差,并且給出了這三種總時(shí)差的計(jì)算方法及其正確性證明。分析了工序機(jī)動(dòng)時(shí)間使用可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致總工期推遲的現(xiàn)象�？倳r(shí)差的多值性這一概念是首次在本文提出,該概念的提出打破了傳統(tǒng)的總時(shí)差只有一個(gè)唯一值的固化思維,為隱性網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)化理論打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the engineering project, each department in the time aspect day by day intense competition has become the present tendency. Time has been regarded as a competitive advantage resource in the 1980s, and the time performance of the project has been a main goal to attract project managers to improve. In terms of its output effect, the construction of major engineering projects will either play a positive role in promoting the development of the national economy, otherwise, it will play a negative role in the development of the national economy and affect the economic order and social development. Therefore, it has always been highly valued and widely concerned by the state and society. This paper is inspired by the application of simulation method to find hidden working ideas. By studying the paradox of network plan length, this paper determines the overlap between processes, and waits for all kinds of constraints to produce hidden processes. In this paper, by studying the characteristics of various kinds of constraints, we give a method to find the implicit process, and prove that the implicit process is a special kind of constrained process, which does not consume any resources, such as money, material, etc., but it is accompanied by the symbiosis of corresponding real processes. Its size varies with the size of the corresponding real process. Compared with ordinary real processes, the real processes with recessive processes also have a great change in nature. For example, if there is no hidden process, the mobile time can only be used less and less, so it is absolutely impossible to use more and more. However, the actual processes with hidden processes may be used more and more. In order to study these phenomena better, we define a new kind of network-recessive network, define the time parameter, prove the correlation law of the path length in the recessive network and the time parameter (especially the maneuvering time) in the time network. One step forward proves that the hidden network has three special properties: the existence of the allowable negative loop, the non-unique longest route of the working procedure, and the difference of the maximum length between the zero loop and the non-zero loop. The characteristics of the hidden network loop are also discussed. The influence of the change of the key process duration on the total duration is studied in the recessive network. The dynamic characteristics of positive, inverse and point key processes are analyzed, and the range of variation is given. From these characteristics, it can be seen that the improper use of the key processes can not only not play the role of optimizing the duration, but also lead to the delay of the total duration. After studying the characteristics of key processes, we naturally think of non-critical processes. In the discussion of non-critical processes, we find four strange phenomena in non-critical processes. According to theoretical and logical reasoning, it is concluded that the total time difference of non-critical processes is not always a value in a recessive network. Instead, there are three values depending on how they are used. Therefore, we define three kinds of total time difference, that is, moving total time difference, extending total time difference and shortening total time difference, and give the calculation method and its correctness proof of these three kinds of total time difference. This paper analyzes the phenomenon that the use of the working procedure maneuvering time may lead to the delay of the total construction period. The concept of multivalued total time difference is first put forward in this paper. It breaks the traditional fixed thinking that total time difference has only one unique value and lays a solid foundation for the optimization theory of recessive network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU722;F284

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