【摘要】：隨著城市化進(jìn)程的不斷加快，大量的耕地、森林等天然透水地面被城市建筑物、道路、公共空間等不透水面代替，導(dǎo)致城市不透水地面急劇增加，進(jìn)而改變了天然狀態(tài)下的水文機(jī)制和水文循環(huán)，并引發(fā)了一系列城市水環(huán)境問題。末端治理為主的傳統(tǒng)城市雨洪管理技術(shù)已經(jīng)不能滿足現(xiàn)代城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求，以生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為根基，，強(qiáng)調(diào)自然做功，倡導(dǎo)城市與自然共生的城市低影響開發(fā)（Low Impact Development, LID）理念展現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)大的優(yōu)勢(shì)，為解決我國(guó)城市內(nèi)澇災(zāi)害和水環(huán)境問題提供了新的思路。 本文分析了城市化帶來(lái)的水環(huán)境問題以及城市內(nèi)澇災(zāi)害愈加嚴(yán)重的原因，通過(guò)評(píng)述LID的內(nèi)涵、核心思想以及特點(diǎn)，對(duì)比分析了LID與傳統(tǒng)雨洪管理技術(shù)及BMPs之間的區(qū)別，得出LID是一種更經(jīng)濟(jì)、更簡(jiǎn)單、更環(huán)保、景觀化的雨洪管理技術(shù)；在深入研究LID典型技術(shù)措施構(gòu)造和建造方法的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用SWMM模型模擬分析了典型城市化用地、天然土地、LID三種用地布局的徑流系數(shù)、洪峰出現(xiàn)時(shí)間等指標(biāo)的變化過(guò)程，得出：隨著城市化程度的提高，徑流系數(shù)呈增大趨勢(shì)；城市化顯著增加了區(qū)域徑流量，且使得徑流峰值明顯變大和出現(xiàn)時(shí)間提前，添加LID措施的用地布局能有效消納徑流、削減洪峰，且對(duì)小強(qiáng)度降雨事件響應(yīng)更強(qiáng)烈；不同類型LID布局措施模擬結(jié)果表明，集成化（HSQ3，雨水花園+透水鋪裝）調(diào)控措施效果最為明顯，且在P=0.1a、P=2a時(shí)，徑流歷時(shí)曲線與未開發(fā)利用土地情景基本重合，證明集成化、系統(tǒng)化的LID布局措施較單項(xiàng)技術(shù)措施的雨洪調(diào)控效果更顯著。根據(jù)模型模擬結(jié)果針對(duì)性的研究了美國(guó)普吉特海灣地區(qū)集成化、系統(tǒng)化的LID措施布局，為我國(guó)開展系統(tǒng)化、集成化、法規(guī)化的LID綜合管理實(shí)踐提供參考。 綜合分析研究表明，低影響開發(fā)技術(shù)對(duì)于改善我國(guó)城市開發(fā)管理現(xiàn)狀，提高城市開發(fā)水平具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值；SWMM模型對(duì)于低影響開發(fā)效應(yīng)的集成化、系統(tǒng)化分析具有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the continuous acceleration of urbanization, a large number of farmland, forests and other natural permeable surface are replaced by urban buildings, roads, public space and other impervious water surface, resulting in a rapid increase in urban impervious surface. Thus, the hydrological mechanism and hydrological cycle in natural state are changed, and a series of urban water environmental problems are caused. The traditional urban rain and flood management technology based on terminal management can no longer meet the requirements of the sustainable development of modern cities. It is based on the ecosystem and emphasizes the work done by nature. The concept of urban low impact development (Low Impact Development, LID), which advocates the symbiosis between city and nature, shows strong advantages and provides a new way to solve the problems of urban waterlogging and water environment in China. This paper analyzes the water environment problems brought by urbanization and the causes of the increasingly serious urban waterlogging disaster. By commenting on the connotation, core ideas and characteristics of LID, the differences between LID and traditional rain flood management techniques and BMPs are compared and analyzed. It is concluded that LID is a more economical, simpler, more environmental protection and landscape storm-flood management technology. On the basis of deeply studying the construction and construction methods of typical technical measures of LID, the typical urbanization land is simulated and analyzed by using SWMM model. The change process of runoff coefficient and Hong Feng's appearance time of three kinds of land distribution of natural land Lid shows that the runoff coefficient increases with the increase of urbanization degree, and urbanization increases the regional runoff, and so on. Moreover, the peak value of runoff is obviously increased and the time of occurrence is advanced. The land layout with LID measures can effectively absorb runoff, reduce Hong Feng, and respond more strongly to small intensity rainfall events. The simulation results of different types of LID layout measures show that, The effect of integrated (HSQ3, Rain Water garden permeable pavement) control measures is the most obvious, and the runoff duration curve basically coincides with the scene of undeveloped land use at P0. 1 a and P0. 2 a, which proves the integration. Systematic LID layout measures are more effective than single technical measures in controlling rain and flood. According to the model simulation results, the integrated and systematic layout of LID measures in Puget Bay area of the United States is studied, which provides a reference for our country to carry out systematic, integrated and legalized LID integrated management practice. The comprehensive analysis shows that the low-impact development technology is of great theoretical significance and practical value for improving the present situation of urban development management and improving the level of urban development in China, and the SWMM model is integrated into the low-impact development effect. Systematic analysis has important application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU992;TV213.9

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