【摘要】：在建設(shè)資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會(huì)的戰(zhàn)略方針背景下,反映在殯葬方面,民政部提出“創(chuàng)新骨灰安葬方式,積極推動(dòng)綠色殯葬”。同時(shí),十八大提出維護(hù)廣大人民的根本利益,這也包含人們有尊嚴(yán)、圓滿的離世。因此,骨灰安葬方式的創(chuàng)新,既要節(jié)約土地,也要讓人民滿意。針對(duì)節(jié)約型墓園的構(gòu)建要求,論文從“節(jié)約土地”和“安魂慰心”兩條線索展開對(duì)中國墓園設(shè)計(jì)的思考研究,探求適合中國國情的墓園設(shè)計(jì)方式,結(jié)合風(fēng)景園林設(shè)計(jì)的理論內(nèi)涵研究中國墓園設(shè)計(jì)的核心內(nèi)容、創(chuàng)作方法、構(gòu)成要素、發(fā)展前景等,進(jìn)一步完善和發(fā)展風(fēng)景園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)中墓園設(shè)計(jì)這一單項(xiàng)理論,從根本上解決墓葬與自然之間的對(duì)立統(tǒng)一問題,實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的綜合效益,完善城市的園林綠地體系,遵循中華民族數(shù)千年形成的“天人合一”的宇宙觀和文化總綱,實(shí)現(xiàn)“人與天調(diào),天人共榮”的境界。 論文在“天人合一”思想的指導(dǎo)下,依照矛盾的普遍性與特殊性之辯證的哲學(xué)思路,通過文獻(xiàn)資料的綜合整理、實(shí)地考察、項(xiàng)目實(shí)踐,運(yùn)用分析、歸納、演繹的研究方法,探索適合中國國情的墓園設(shè)計(jì)理論,在繼承傳統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上,推動(dòng)中國園林之墓園設(shè)計(jì)理論研究與創(chuàng)新。論文成果的價(jià)值主要在以下三個(gè)方面： (1)論文研究和分析中國古近代陵墓環(huán)境在各個(gè)歷史階段的演進(jìn)特點(diǎn),對(duì)比中西方的墓葬文化,分析西方墓園景物表達(dá)對(duì)墓主紀(jì)念性的藝術(shù)特色。研究從“古”落實(shí)到“今”,將理論研究與中國現(xiàn)代墓園的實(shí)地考察相結(jié)合,分析闡述中國殯葬習(xí)俗改革的成就與經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 (2)基于中國傳統(tǒng)墓葬文化的內(nèi)涵特質(zhì),以建設(shè)節(jié)約型社會(huì)為背景,運(yùn)用中國傳統(tǒng)園林的理論精髓,從明旨、立意、相地、布局、借景、理微六個(gè)方面分析總結(jié)中國墓園可行的規(guī)劃序列和創(chuàng)作方法。 (3)將中國墓園設(shè)計(jì)的理論應(yīng)用于規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐,探討在當(dāng)下社會(huì)中從傳統(tǒng)文化中汲取經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)出具有社會(huì)主義內(nèi)容和民族形式的墓園。
[Abstract]:Under the background of constructing a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, the Ministry of Civil Affairs put forward the idea of "innovating the burial mode of ashes and actively promoting green funeral". At the same time, the 18th National Congress proposed to safeguard the fundamental interests of the people, which also includes the dignity of the people, complete death. Therefore, the innovation of ashes burial method should not only save land, but also make people satisfied. In view of the requirements of the construction of the conservation-type cemetery, the paper studies the design of the Chinese cemetery from the two clues of "saving the land" and "comforting the soul", and explores the design method of the cemetery suitable for the national conditions of China. Combined with the theoretical connotation of landscape architecture design, this paper studies the core contents, creative methods, composing elements and development prospects of the Chinese cemetery design, and further improves and develops the single theory of the cemetery design in the landscape architecture planning and design. To fundamentally solve the problem of unity of opposites between burial and nature, to realize the comprehensive benefits of environment, economy and society, to perfect the urban garden and green space system, and to follow the universal view and cultural outline of "the unity of nature and man" formed by the Chinese nation for thousands of years. To realize the realm of "man and nature, heaven and man together prosper". Under the guidance of the thought of "the unity of nature and man", according to the dialectical philosophical thinking of universality and particularity of contradiction, the thesis through the comprehensive arrangement of literature, field investigation, project practice, application of analysis, induction, deductive research methods, This paper explores the theory of cemetery design suitable for China's national conditions and promotes the theoretical research and innovation of Chinese garden cemetery design on the basis of inheriting the tradition. The value of the paper mainly lies in the following three aspects: (1) the paper studies and analyzes the evolution characteristics of the ancient and modern Chinese mausoleum environment in each historical stage, contrasts the tomb culture between China and the West. This paper analyzes the artistic characteristics of the expression of Western cemetery scenery to the memorial of the tomb owner. The research is carried out from "ancient" to "present", combining the theoretical research with the field investigation of Chinese modern cemetery, and analyzing and expounding the achievements and experiences of the reform of Chinese funeral and burial customs. (2) based on the connotation of Chinese traditional tomb culture, In the context of building a conservation-oriented society, using the essence of Chinese traditional garden theory, from the aim, meaning, location, layout, borrow scenery, This paper analyzes and summarizes the feasible planning sequence and creative methods of Chinese cemeteries from six aspects. (3) the theory of Chinese cemetery design is applied to the planning and design practice. This paper discusses the design of the cemetery with socialist content and national form from the experience of traditional culture in the present society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU986.2;TU251.2

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