【摘要】：大型公共項目是改善國民生活質(zhì)量的重要手段，承擔著為整個社會生產(chǎn)和提供公共物品和服務的重要任務，是建筑行業(yè)中的標桿項目。我國順應國際潮流和現(xiàn)實需要，將可持續(xù)發(fā)展作為建筑業(yè)的發(fā)展目標和方向，但當前相關(guān)的實踐情況卻并不樂觀。大型公共項目，，特別是非經(jīng)營性大型公共項目在可持續(xù)性上的表現(xiàn)不盡如人意，在決策、投資、建設(shè)和使用的過程中陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)一些問題。因此，如何科學地評判大型公共項目的可持續(xù)性，改善和提高項目的可持續(xù)性也就成為一個亟待解決的問題。對這一問題的回答將有助于提升整個建筑業(yè)的可持續(xù)性表現(xiàn)，有助于集約和合理利用公共資源，進而為當前和諧社會和“兩型”社會的建設(shè)過程貢獻力量。 本文選取投資額度巨大、社會影響深遠、行業(yè)示范性強的大型公共項目為研究對象，在考慮利益相關(guān)者訴求的基礎(chǔ)上，將大型公共項目的全壽命周期分為決策、設(shè)計、建設(shè)、運營和退出使用等五個階段，從六個維度即經(jīng)濟維度、環(huán)境維度、社會維度、資源利用維度、健康與安全維度以及項目治理維度，結(jié)合大型公共項目的可持續(xù)性在各個維度中的特點對其進行計量，并對其可持續(xù)性的改善進行相關(guān)探討。本文研究內(nèi)容的實施嚴格以提出研究問題的邏輯為思維指導，按照“選題動機——大型公共項目全壽命周期的可持續(xù)性是什么——如何在全壽命周期中評價和改善大型公共項目的可持續(xù)性——總結(jié)”的思路開展研究。 在理論方面，以全壽命周期理論和生物學中的共生理論為指導，提出“需求—過程—結(jié)果”的分析模式以及“需求—目標—約束”的大型公共項目可持續(xù)性發(fā)展和實現(xiàn)的內(nèi)在機制，并應用解析結(jié)構(gòu)模型ISM的方法，對可持續(xù)性六個維度的內(nèi)在關(guān)系進行探索和分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)項目治理和資源利用有著最為基礎(chǔ)和重要的作用，在維度體系中二者的驅(qū)動力達到40%，依賴性僅為8%；經(jīng)濟維度、環(huán)境維度和社會維度受其他維度的影響較大，依賴性總和達到72%，而它們對其他維度的作用并不十分顯著，三者的驅(qū)動力總和也僅為44%；而健康與安全對其他維度的驅(qū)動作用和受其他維度的影響程度相當。同時，大型公共項目的可持續(xù)性在決策階段側(cè)重實現(xiàn)決策的公開透明和科學合理，在設(shè)計階段側(cè)重實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)性的設(shè)計，在建設(shè)階段滿足可持續(xù)建造和綠色施工的要求，在運營階段的工作需要滿足可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)的要求，側(cè)重于綠色建筑的范疇，退出使用階段的工作在實現(xiàn)綠色施工的基礎(chǔ)上，強調(diào)循環(huán)再生型回收方式的使用。 在評價方法和模型方面，本文通過計算各維度可持續(xù)性評價結(jié)果的算術(shù)平均值之和來評價大型公共項目整體的可持續(xù)性，并將可持續(xù)性的六個維度分為了定量維度和定性維度。對于定量維度，應用項目財務凈現(xiàn)值率評價經(jīng)濟維度的可持續(xù)性，選用生態(tài)足跡分析法評價環(huán)境維度的可持續(xù)性。對于定性維度，本文建立了各維度可持續(xù)性的評價指標體系，并選用不同的綜合評價方法將定性問題進行定量化轉(zhuǎn)換：在使用熵權(quán)法計算指標權(quán)重的基礎(chǔ)上，應用灰色聚類分析評價社會維度的可持續(xù)性，應用云模型評價資源利用維度的可持續(xù)性，選擇模糊綜合評價法評價健康與安全維度的可持續(xù)性，使用可拓綜合評價法評價項目治理維度的可持續(xù)性。這些評價方法和模型組成了本文大型公共項目可持續(xù)性的綜合評價體系。 在應用方面，本文在對大型公共項目各維度和整體可持續(xù)性的評價方法建模的同時，針對影響可持續(xù)性的因素進行了一些假設(shè)，通過公式推導和理論分析檢驗了這些假設(shè)的真?zhèn)�。在此基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合現(xiàn)實情況和問題，本文針對大型公共項目可持續(xù)性的各維度提出了可持續(xù)性改善的具體途徑，并從外部環(huán)境方面提出了改善大型公共項目整體可持續(xù)性的方法。 最后，通過對廣州某亞運項目的案例研究，展示了大型公共項目可持續(xù)性綜合評價體系的使用方法，表明了它們能夠比較客觀地反應評價對象的情況。同時本文應用大型公共項目可持續(xù)性的改善途徑，針對該項目提出了具體的可持續(xù)性改善辦法。案例研究結(jié)果顯示，該亞運項目的可持續(xù)性通過改善措施得到了顯著的提高。案例研究是對本文理論、模型和分析的證明。 基于上述的研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果，本文發(fā)現(xiàn)，以共生理論為支撐的大型公共項目可持續(xù)性的內(nèi)在機制提供了基礎(chǔ)，評價維度的內(nèi)在關(guān)系有助于利益相關(guān)者更好地把握工作重點，而大型公共項目可持續(xù)性的綜合評價體系和改善途徑是評價和改善大型公共項目可持續(xù)性的科學、有效的工具。本文在理論上探索了大型公共項目可持續(xù)性的內(nèi)涵和構(gòu)成，在實踐上提供了可操作性較強的大型公共項目可持續(xù)性的評價與改善的方法。
[Abstract]:Large-scale public projects are important means to improve the quality of life of the people, undertaking the important task of producing and providing public goods and services for the whole society, and are the benchmark projects in the construction industry. However, it is not optimistic. The sustainability of large-scale public projects, especially non-profit large-scale public projects, is unsatisfactory. Some problems have arisen in the process of decision-making, investment, construction and use. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate the sustainability of large-scale public projects, improve and enhance the sustainability of projects has become one. The answer to this question will help to enhance the sustainability of the entire construction industry, help to intensive and rational use of public resources, and thus contribute to the construction of a harmonious society and a "two-oriented" society.
This paper chooses large-scale public projects with huge investment quota, far-reaching social impact and strong industry demonstration as the research object. On the basis of considering the demands of stakeholders, it divides the whole life cycle of large-scale public projects into five stages: decision-making, design, construction, operation and withdrawal from use. From six dimensions, namely, economic dimension, environmental dimension, and society. Meetings dimension, resource utilization dimension, health and safety dimension, and project governance dimension, combined with the sustainability of large-scale public projects in each dimension of the characteristics of its measurement, and the improvement of its sustainability are discussed. The motive of choosing topic-what is the sustainability of the life cycle of large-scale public projects-how to evaluate and improve the sustainability of large-scale public projects in the life cycle-summarize the idea of carrying out research.
In theory, under the guidance of life cycle theory and Symbiosis Theory in biology, this paper puts forward the analysis model of "demand-process-result" and the internal mechanism of sustainable development and Realization of "demand-goal-constraint" large-scale public projects, and applies the method of analytical structure model ISM to six dimensions of sustainability. By exploring and analyzing the intrinsic relationship between project governance and resource utilization, we find that project governance and resource utilization play the most fundamental and important roles. The driving force of the two dimensions is 40% and the dependence is only 8%. Economic dimension, environmental dimension and social dimension are greatly influenced by other dimensions, and the total dependence is 72%. However, they do other dimensions. The total driving force of these three factors is only 44%, while the driving effect of health and safety on other dimensions is comparable to that of other dimensions. It is designed that the construction phase meets the requirements of sustainable construction and green construction, the operation phase needs to meet the requirements of sustainable production, focusing on the category of green buildings, and the withdrawal phase emphasizes the use of recycling recycling methods on the basis of green construction.
In terms of evaluation methods and models, this paper evaluates the overall sustainability of large-scale public projects by calculating the sum of the arithmetic mean values of the results of each dimension, and divides the six dimensions of sustainability into quantitative dimension and qualitative dimension. For the qualitative dimension, this paper establishes the evaluation index system of the sustainability of each dimension, and uses different comprehensive evaluation methods to quantify the qualitative problem: on the basis of using entropy weight method to calculate the index weight, the grey clustering analysis is used to evaluate the qualitative dimension. The sustainability of the dimension of price society is evaluated by cloud model, the sustainability of the dimension of resource utilization is evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the sustainability of the dimension of project governance is evaluated by extension comprehensive evaluation method. Comprehensive evaluation system.
In the aspect of application, while modeling the evaluation methods of various dimensions and overall sustainability of large-scale public projects, this paper makes some assumptions about the factors that affect sustainability, and tests the authenticity of these assumptions through formula deduction and theoretical analysis. Each dimension of project sustainability puts forward specific ways to improve sustainability, and puts forward methods to improve the overall sustainability of large-scale public projects from the external environment.
Finally, through a case study of an Asian Games project in Guangzhou, the paper shows the use method of the comprehensive evaluation system of the sustainability of large-scale public projects, and shows that they can objectively reflect the situation of the evaluation objects. The results of the case study show that the sustainability of the Asian Games project has been significantly improved through the improvement measures. The case study is the proof of the theory, model and analysis of this paper.
Based on the above research contents and results, this paper finds that the symbiosis theory provides the basis for the internal mechanism of the sustainability of large-scale public projects, and the internal relationship of evaluation dimension helps stakeholders to better grasp the focus of work, while the comprehensive evaluation system and improvement approach of the sustainability of large-scale public projects are evaluation and improvement. This paper theoretically explores the connotation and composition of the sustainability of large-scale public projects, and in practice provides an operable method for the evaluation and improvement of the sustainability of large-scale public projects.
【學位授予單位】：華南理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU201.5;TU71

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 邱東;多指標綜合評價方法的系統(tǒng)分析[J];財經(jīng)問題研究;1988年09期

2 張飛漣;黃玉剛;;鐵路建設(shè)項目可持續(xù)發(fā)展評價指標體系的建立與計算[J];鐵道科學與工程學報;2007年05期

3 李德智;李啟明;杜輝;;房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)生態(tài)足跡模型構(gòu)建及實證分析[J];東南大學學報(自然科學版);2008年04期

4 劉培哲;可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論與《中國21世紀議程》[J];地學前緣;1996年01期

5 花擁軍,陳迅,張健;公共工程社會評價指標體系分析[J];重慶大學學報(自然科學版);2005年07期

6 陳加良;基于博弈論的組合賦權(quán)評價方法研究[J];福建電腦;2003年09期

7 楊瑞;建設(shè)項目環(huán)境影響評價在可持續(xù)發(fā)展中的作用[J];環(huán)境科學與技術(shù);2001年S1期

8 汪應洛,劉益,李垣;大型工程的戰(zhàn)略管理[J];中國工程科學;2004年02期

9 趙國杰,郝杰;投資項目社會評價的框架和方法簡述[J];港口經(jīng)濟;2003年01期

10 章穗;張梅;遲國泰;;基于熵權(quán)法的科學技術(shù)評價模型及其實證研究[J];管理學報;2010年01期

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前2條

1 楊錫春;公共投資項目績效評價研究[D];西南財經(jīng)大學;2012年

2 王西;基于熵權(quán)—雙基點法的現(xiàn)代物流企業(yè)服務創(chuàng)新績效評價研究[D];吉林大學;2013年

本文編號：2182636