發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-13 20:34

【摘要】：在快速城鎮(zhèn)化的背景下,全球城鎮(zhèn)人口不斷增加,土地、交通、人居環(huán)境等問題使得城鄉(xiāng)矛盾日益凸顯,城市環(huán)境承載力不堪重負(fù)。中國正處在城鎮(zhèn)化的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,生態(tài)環(huán)境與城市建設(shè)二者間的矛盾是城市發(fā)展中不可回避的重要問題,風(fēng)景園林及城市規(guī)劃學(xué)科有責(zé)任承擔(dān)起解決好城市人居環(huán)境及城市生態(tài)空間發(fā)展的重任。綠地是城市生態(tài)安全、人居環(huán)境的保障,對城鎮(zhèn)綠地系統(tǒng)的研究是解決城市人居環(huán)境問題的關(guān)鍵。生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)思想起源于19世紀(jì),綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)源于城市綠地系統(tǒng)化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的發(fā)展以及綠道等概念的延伸,它被廣泛應(yīng)用于城鎮(zhèn)綠地系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃中,形成綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的規(guī)劃方法。目前,綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)概念及規(guī)劃方法不斷發(fā)展,已經(jīng)在許多發(fā)達(dá)國家的城市和地區(qū)被廣泛應(yīng)用實(shí)踐,并在控制城市無序擴(kuò)張和解決城鎮(zhèn)化問題等方面有效果顯著。 本文基于對綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的理論和實(shí)踐研究,對北京綠地體系網(wǎng)絡(luò)化發(fā)展進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略性探索實(shí)踐。通過國內(nèi)外典型城市案例的分析研究,結(jié)合生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)思想,總結(jié)提出城鎮(zhèn)綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的規(guī)劃方法。以北京市為例,剖析北京綠地生態(tài)格局演變與城市形態(tài)發(fā)展,指出構(gòu)建綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的城鎮(zhèn)綠地體系發(fā)展新方向,提出北京綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)案,該網(wǎng)絡(luò)方案為正確引導(dǎo)北京城市空間發(fā)展,保障北京生態(tài)安全,提高北京人居環(huán)境質(zhì)量提供有效途徑。希望以此為中國城鎮(zhèn)綠地體系發(fā)展開辟新的發(fā)展方向和思路,引導(dǎo)我國城鎮(zhèn)綠地走向整體性、系統(tǒng)性、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、高效能化的規(guī)劃發(fā)展模式；為中國城鎮(zhèn)綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)研究提供理論框架和實(shí)踐參考。主要研究內(nèi)容及成果如下： 首先,本文通過對綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行研究綜述,辨析相關(guān)概念及理論,界定了綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的定義及內(nèi)涵,并總結(jié)其結(jié)構(gòu)及其功能。通過梳理國內(nèi)外典型城市案例的綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)演化發(fā)展歷程,分析其綠地與城市空間形態(tài)的關(guān)系,提出中國城市綠地建設(shè)的問題,并指出未來城鎮(zhèn)綠地系統(tǒng)化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的發(fā)展方向,總結(jié)可借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 其二,對比研究北京生態(tài)格局演變的歷史與現(xiàn)狀,指出北京生態(tài)格局現(xiàn)存的主要問題。分析研究北京綠地空間結(jié)構(gòu),指出現(xiàn)階段北京綠地規(guī)劃建設(shè)存在的主要問題。論證北京市構(gòu)建綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可行性與必要性,提出北京理想生態(tài)空間格局,以及未來北京綠地體系發(fā)展的具體需求。 其三,基于上述研究總結(jié)了綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的規(guī)劃方法,并運(yùn)用該方法重點(diǎn)對北京綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的生態(tài)節(jié)點(diǎn)、生態(tài)廊道、網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型進(jìn)行分析確定,提出北京綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略方案。在綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論方法的指導(dǎo)下提出對北京綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)初步初步構(gòu)想,并運(yùn)用GIS、FRAGSTATS等技術(shù)對網(wǎng)絡(luò)化后的北京生態(tài)空間進(jìn)行景觀格局分析,論證方案的優(yōu)越性以及該構(gòu)建方法的合理性。 最后,對未來中國綠地建設(shè)發(fā)展將面臨問題進(jìn)行了討論,并對綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在城鎮(zhèn)綠地中的應(yīng)用和研究工作進(jìn)行展望。希望通過本研究,引起社會對城市生態(tài)環(huán)境的關(guān)注,對城市綠地建設(shè)的重視,對綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃途徑的認(rèn)識。期待利用綠地生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)這一綠地體系發(fā)展的新型模式使目前的城市生態(tài)安全、人居環(huán)境問題得到切實(shí)有效的解決,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Under the background of rapid urbanization, the increasing population of cities and towns in the world, land, transportation, human settlements and other issues make the contradiction between urban and rural areas increasingly prominent, urban environmental carrying capacity can not bear the heavy burden.China is in the critical period of urbanization, the contradiction between ecological environment and urban construction is an unavoidable important issue in urban development, landscape. Landscape architecture and urban planning are responsible for solving the problems of urban human settlements and urban ecological space. Green space is the guarantee of urban ecological security and human settlements. The study of urban green space system is the key to solving the problems of urban human settlements. Green space systematization, development of network and extension of Greenway are widely used in urban green space system planning, forming green space ecological network planning method. At present, the concept and planning method of green space ecological network is developing continuously, and has been widely applied in many developed countries'cities and regions, and in the control city. The problem of disorderly expansion of cities and solving the problem of urbanization has achieved remarkable results.
Based on the theory and practice of green space ecological network, this paper makes a strategic exploration and Practice on the development of green space network in Beijing. Through the analysis and study of typical urban cases at home and abroad, combined with the idea of ecological network, the planning method of urban green space ecological network is summarized and put forward. Taking Beijing as an example, the ecological pattern of green space in Beijing is analyzed. Evolution and development of urban morphology are pointed out. The new direction of urban green space system development is pointed out. The plan of Beijing green space ecological network is put forward. The plan provides an effective way to guide the development of Beijing urban space, ensure the ecological security of Beijing and improve the quality of Beijing human settlements. It provides a theoretical framework and practical reference for the study of urban green space ecological network construction in China. The main contents and achievements are as follows:
Firstly, this paper reviews the research of green space ecological network, analyzes the related concepts and theories, defines the definition and connotation of green space ecological network, and summarizes its structure and function. The problems of urban green space construction in China are pointed out, and the development direction of urban green space systematization and networking in the future is pointed out.
Secondly, the paper compares the history and present situation of Beijing's ecological pattern evolution, points out the main problems existing in Beijing's ecological pattern, analyzes the spatial structure of Beijing's green space, points out the main problems existing in the planning and construction of Beijing's green space at present, demonstrates the feasibility and necessity of Beijing's green space ecological network construction, and puts forward the ideal ecological space in Beijing. And the future needs of Beijing's green space system.
Thirdly, based on the above research, the planning method of green space ecological network is summarized, and the ecological node, ecological corridor and network model of Beijing green space ecological network are analyzed and determined with this method, and the development strategy of Beijing green space ecological network is put forward. The preliminary conception of ecological network was put forward, and the landscape pattern of Beijing ecological space after network was analyzed by using GIS, FRAGSTATS and other technologies. The superiority of the scheme and the rationality of the construction method were demonstrated.
Finally, the paper discusses the problems that China's green space construction and development will face in the future, and looks forward to the application and research work of green space ecological network in urban green space. With the green space ecological network, a new model of green space system development, the problems of urban ecological security and human settlement environment can be effectively solved, and ultimately the sustainable development of the city can be realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU985.2

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