微絮凝直接過濾工藝處理效果的試驗研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-11 15:53
【摘要】：我國的小城鎮(zhèn)及農(nóng)村地區(qū)普遍面臨著飲用水水源污染的飲用水安全問題。以常規(guī)水處理工藝處理濁度較低的水庫水源水時，通常存在絮凝劑的投藥量較高或需要投加附加微粒的問題。由于小城鎮(zhèn)及農(nóng)村地區(qū)經(jīng)濟水平和管理能力有限，針對村鎮(zhèn)供水特點選擇經(jīng)濟有效的凈水工藝十分必要。 微絮凝直接過濾工藝是適用于水庫水等濁度不高水源的凈水工藝，其省去了混凝沉淀步驟，混凝過程完全在濾床內(nèi)進行，可節(jié)省凈水廠的占地面積、降低工程投資與制水成本。論文研究了采用聚合氯化鋁和硫酸鋁時微絮凝直接過濾工的處理效果，試驗結(jié)果表明，投加硫酸鋁作為絮凝劑時的除濁效果優(yōu)于聚合氯化鋁，在進水濁度15NTU~20NTU，濾速10m/h時，投加14mg/L硫酸鋁混凝劑可使連續(xù)12h過濾周期內(nèi)的出水濁度達標(biāo)，平均出水濁度0.57NTU。可通過投加助濾劑來進一步提高出水水質(zhì)，在投加硫酸鋁10mg/L的條件下，分別復(fù)配投加聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨（PDMDAAC）、殼聚糖（CTS）、非離子型聚丙烯酰胺（NAPM）和陰離子型聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）四種助濾劑0.1mg/L均會取得較好的除濁效果，可保證12h運行周期出水濁度達標(biāo)且滿足水損要求，具有較好的助濾效果，周期內(nèi)平均出水濁度分別為0.36NTU、0.60NTU、0.52NTU和0.68NTU。微絮凝直接過濾工藝對腐殖酸具有一定的去除效果，對腐殖酸的去除主要是通過去除濁度來得到實現(xiàn)的。在僅投加10mg/L硫酸鋁時對腐殖酸的去除率在30%左右，分別復(fù)配PDMDAAC、CTS、NPAM和APAM時的去除率分別提高到58%，55%，53%和50%。 在水處理過程中，使用鋁鹽混凝劑可能會導(dǎo)致出水殘余鋁升高。試驗結(jié)果表明混凝劑的投藥量對出水殘余鋁濃度影響顯著，當(dāng)混凝劑投藥量超過最佳投藥量時，出水殘余鋁會顯著升高。增加硫酸鋁投藥量至18mg/L時，出水殘余鋁達到0.182mg/L，處于較高的水平。在過濾過程中去除的主要是顆粒鋁，在過濾周期內(nèi)出水殘余鋁與出水濁度由較好的相關(guān)性。在相同鋁鹽絮凝劑投藥量的條件下，，投加助濾劑可以提高對濁度的去除率，進而可降低出水殘余鋁濃度。在四種助濾劑中，殼聚糖對殘余鋁的控制效果是最明顯的。 天然高分子絮凝劑殼聚糖分子表面含有豐富的游離氨基和羥基，對溶液中的金屬離子有較強的吸附、配位作用。試驗結(jié)果表明，投加殼聚糖不僅僅通過去除濁度來除去顆粒鋁，其可以通過與鋁離子的螯合作用去除溶解鋁，使出水殘余鋁進一步降低。殼聚糖與硫酸鋁復(fù)配連用時，殼聚糖投藥量在0.1mg/L~0.2mg/L即可使出水殘余鋁穩(wěn)定在較低水平，降低了出水鋁超標(biāo)的風(fēng)險。
[Abstract]:Small towns and rural areas in China are generally faced with drinking water safety problems caused by drinking water source pollution. In the treatment of reservoir source water with low turbidity by conventional water treatment process, the problem of high dosage of flocculant or the need of adding additional particles is usually existed. Because of the limited economic level and management ability in small towns and rural areas, it is necessary to select economical and effective water purification technology according to the characteristics of water supply in villages and towns. Micro-flocculation direct filtration process is suitable for purifying water with low turbidity, such as reservoir water. It saves the coagulation and sedimentation steps, and the coagulation process is carried out completely in the filter bed, which can save the land area of the water purification plant and reduce the project investment and water production cost. In this paper, the treatment effect of micro-flocculation direct filter with polyaluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate was studied. The experimental results showed that the turbidity removal effect of adding aluminum sulfate as flocculant was better than that of polyaluminum chloride, when the turbidity of influent was 15NTU 20NTU, and the filtration rate was 10m/h. Adding 14mg/L aluminum sulfate coagulant can make the turbidity of effluent reach the standard in the continuous filtration period of 12 hours, and the average turbidity of the effluent is 0.57 NTU. The effluent quality can be further improved by adding filter aids. Under the condition of adding aluminum sulfate 10mg/L, Adding polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC),) chitosan (CTS), (CTS), Nonionic polyacrylamide (NAPM) and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) respectively with four kinds of filter aids 0.1mg/L can achieve better turbidity removal effect. It can ensure that the turbidity of effluent reaches the standard and meets the requirement of water loss in 12h operation cycle. The average turbidity of effluent is 0.36NTU 0.60NTU 0.52NTU and 0.68NTU, respectively, and the average turbidity of effluent is 0.36NTU 0.60NTU0.52 NTU and 0.68NTU respectively. The micro-flocculation direct filtration process has a certain removal effect on humic acid, and the removal of humic acid is mainly achieved by removing turbidity. The removal rate of humic acid was about 30% when 10mg/L aluminum sulfate was added only, and the removal rate of NPAM and APAM were increased to 55.55% and 50% respectively. In the process of water treatment, aluminum salt coagulant may lead to the increase of residual aluminum in effluent. The results show that the dosage of coagulant has a significant effect on the concentration of residual aluminum in effluent. When the dosage of coagulant exceeds the optimal dosage, the residual aluminum in effluent will increase significantly. When the dosage of aluminum sulfate is increased to 18mg/L, the residual aluminum in the effluent reaches 0.182 mg / L, which is at a higher level. In the filtration process, the main removal is granular aluminum, and the residual aluminum in the effluent has a good correlation with the turbidity of the effluent during the filtration period. Under the condition of the same dosage of aluminum salt flocculant, the removal rate of turbidity can be increased by adding filter aid, and the residual aluminum concentration in effluent can be reduced. Among the four filter aids, chitosan is the most effective in controlling residual aluminum. There are abundant free amino and hydroxyl groups on the surface of natural polymer flocculant chitosan, which can strongly adsorb and coordinate metal ions in the solution. The results show that adding chitosan can not only remove granular aluminum by removing turbidity, but also remove dissolved aluminum by chelating with aluminum ion, thus further reducing residual aluminum in water. When chitosan was combined with aluminum sulfate, the dosage of chitosan in 0.1mg/L~0.2mg/L could stabilize the residual aluminum in the effluent at a lower level, and reduce the risk of excess aluminum in the effluent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU991.2
本文編號：2177456
[Abstract]:Small towns and rural areas in China are generally faced with drinking water safety problems caused by drinking water source pollution. In the treatment of reservoir source water with low turbidity by conventional water treatment process, the problem of high dosage of flocculant or the need of adding additional particles is usually existed. Because of the limited economic level and management ability in small towns and rural areas, it is necessary to select economical and effective water purification technology according to the characteristics of water supply in villages and towns. Micro-flocculation direct filtration process is suitable for purifying water with low turbidity, such as reservoir water. It saves the coagulation and sedimentation steps, and the coagulation process is carried out completely in the filter bed, which can save the land area of the water purification plant and reduce the project investment and water production cost. In this paper, the treatment effect of micro-flocculation direct filter with polyaluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate was studied. The experimental results showed that the turbidity removal effect of adding aluminum sulfate as flocculant was better than that of polyaluminum chloride, when the turbidity of influent was 15NTU 20NTU, and the filtration rate was 10m/h. Adding 14mg/L aluminum sulfate coagulant can make the turbidity of effluent reach the standard in the continuous filtration period of 12 hours, and the average turbidity of the effluent is 0.57 NTU. The effluent quality can be further improved by adding filter aids. Under the condition of adding aluminum sulfate 10mg/L, Adding polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC),) chitosan (CTS), (CTS), Nonionic polyacrylamide (NAPM) and anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) respectively with four kinds of filter aids 0.1mg/L can achieve better turbidity removal effect. It can ensure that the turbidity of effluent reaches the standard and meets the requirement of water loss in 12h operation cycle. The average turbidity of effluent is 0.36NTU 0.60NTU 0.52NTU and 0.68NTU, respectively, and the average turbidity of effluent is 0.36NTU 0.60NTU0.52 NTU and 0.68NTU respectively. The micro-flocculation direct filtration process has a certain removal effect on humic acid, and the removal of humic acid is mainly achieved by removing turbidity. The removal rate of humic acid was about 30% when 10mg/L aluminum sulfate was added only, and the removal rate of NPAM and APAM were increased to 55.55% and 50% respectively. In the process of water treatment, aluminum salt coagulant may lead to the increase of residual aluminum in effluent. The results show that the dosage of coagulant has a significant effect on the concentration of residual aluminum in effluent. When the dosage of coagulant exceeds the optimal dosage, the residual aluminum in effluent will increase significantly. When the dosage of aluminum sulfate is increased to 18mg/L, the residual aluminum in the effluent reaches 0.182 mg / L, which is at a higher level. In the filtration process, the main removal is granular aluminum, and the residual aluminum in the effluent has a good correlation with the turbidity of the effluent during the filtration period. Under the condition of the same dosage of aluminum salt flocculant, the removal rate of turbidity can be increased by adding filter aid, and the residual aluminum concentration in effluent can be reduced. Among the four filter aids, chitosan is the most effective in controlling residual aluminum. There are abundant free amino and hydroxyl groups on the surface of natural polymer flocculant chitosan, which can strongly adsorb and coordinate metal ions in the solution. The results show that adding chitosan can not only remove granular aluminum by removing turbidity, but also remove dissolved aluminum by chelating with aluminum ion, thus further reducing residual aluminum in water. When chitosan was combined with aluminum sulfate, the dosage of chitosan in 0.1mg/L~0.2mg/L could stabilize the residual aluminum in the effluent at a lower level, and reduce the risk of excess aluminum in the effluent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU991.2
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