【摘要】：隨著新農(nóng)村建設(shè)、美麗中國(guó)、以及新型城鎮(zhèn)化的大力推進(jìn)與發(fā)展,鄉(xiāng)村的形態(tài)、規(guī)模、尺度、關(guān)系等都在發(fā)生著劇變,中國(guó)正處于傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村景觀向現(xiàn)代鄉(xiāng)村景觀轉(zhuǎn)型的過(guò)渡階段。然而如何順利轉(zhuǎn)型,實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村景觀的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,是目前緊迫而嚴(yán)峻的問(wèn)題。原因在于,根植于地方自然與文化環(huán)境的傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村景觀,在城市化的建設(shè)模式影響之下,正逐漸走向趨同與異化,鄉(xiāng)村景觀的誤讀與“建設(shè)性破壞”現(xiàn)象愈演愈烈。這一現(xiàn)象表現(xiàn)出當(dāng)前人們對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村景觀的理解已經(jīng)脫離了村民、脫離了日常生活,表現(xiàn)出一種零散、片斷的概念化符號(hào)和形式。另一方面,我們也該意識(shí)到,在可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想、以及較為籠統(tǒng)的鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)大框架之下,景觀的營(yíng)建尚缺乏具體可操作的策略與方法指導(dǎo)。 基于新形勢(shì)下鄉(xiāng)村景觀營(yíng)建的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求以及技術(shù)缺失,本研究以問(wèn)題為導(dǎo)向,以營(yíng)建方法為切入點(diǎn),旨在整體把握鄉(xiāng)村景觀價(jià)值與內(nèi)涵的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合當(dāng)前科學(xué)的理論方法與技術(shù)成果,探討鄉(xiāng)村景觀營(yíng)建因地制宜的決策和具體可操作的整體方法。整體方法以鄉(xiāng)村景觀綜合價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn)、構(gòu)成因子的協(xié)調(diào)與共贏為營(yíng)建目標(biāo)。該方法不是全面否定傳統(tǒng)、以及既有的規(guī)劃框架和方法,而是在批判繼承的基礎(chǔ)上,強(qiáng)調(diào)多種因素的協(xié)調(diào)與有機(jī)統(tǒng)一,通過(guò)整體設(shè)計(jì),力圖越過(guò)表象誤區(qū),重歸鄉(xiāng)村景觀本真,并實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村自然、社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)的健康平衡發(fā)展。 論文研究從對(duì)浙江省鄉(xiāng)村景觀建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀以及國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀的分析開(kāi)始,隨后通過(guò)對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村景觀營(yíng)建傳統(tǒng)方法與既有方法的梳理、分析與反思,提出應(yīng)將鄉(xiāng)村景觀置于自然生境、經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)、居住生活這三方面有著內(nèi)在緊密關(guān)聯(lián)的要素之中,站在系統(tǒng)、整體的視角下,來(lái)把握鄉(xiāng)村景觀的價(jià)值與內(nèi)涵；繼而結(jié)合系統(tǒng)論、控制論、景觀生態(tài)學(xué)與生物共生原理,從多維視野中整體地把握系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成關(guān)系,從內(nèi)容的系統(tǒng)性、過(guò)程的控制性、格局的生態(tài)性、利益的共生性四個(gè)方面來(lái)整合提出了景觀營(yíng)建的整體方法體系；最后,針對(duì)這四個(gè)方面,結(jié)合浙江地區(qū)案例與課題組大量規(guī)劃實(shí)踐,從村域、村落、宅院三個(gè)層級(jí),進(jìn)一步探討了一套具體可操作的營(yíng)建策略與方法。 研究認(rèn)為,鄉(xiāng)村景觀就是一個(gè)生命系統(tǒng),經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)久的自然演化,有其自身的合理邏輯、嚴(yán)密構(gòu)造,從而獲得了豐富的地域性特征。因此鄉(xiāng)村景觀營(yíng)建整體方法的立足點(diǎn)并不是發(fā)明一套方法或策略,而是倡導(dǎo)向鄉(xiāng)村學(xué)習(xí),以設(shè)計(jì)的眼光重新去發(fā)現(xiàn)、去提升,以新的價(jià)值觀和方法論,引導(dǎo)鄉(xiāng)村景觀系統(tǒng)在經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期健康、平衡發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the construction of the new countryside, the beautiful China, and the vigorous promotion and development of the new urbanization, the form, scale, scale and relationship of the countryside are all undergoing dramatic changes. China is in the transition from traditional rural landscape to modern rural landscape. However, how to transform smoothly and realize the sustainable development of rural landscape is an urgent and severe problem. The reason is that the traditional rural landscape rooted in the local natural and cultural environment is gradually converging and dissimilating under the influence of the construction mode of urbanization, and the phenomenon of misreading and "constructive destruction" of the rural landscape is becoming more and more serious. This phenomenon shows that the current understanding of the rural landscape has been divorced from the villagers, from the daily life, showing a piecemeal, piecemeal conceptualization of symbols and forms. On the other hand, we should realize that under the thought of sustainable development and the general framework of rural construction, the landscape construction is still lack of concrete operational strategy and method guidance. Based on the realistic demand of rural landscape construction and the lack of technology under the new situation, this study takes the problem as the direction and the construction method as the breakthrough point, aiming at grasping the value and connotation of the rural landscape as a whole. Combined with the current scientific theory and technical achievements, this paper discusses the decision-making and the concrete and operable whole method of the rural landscape construction in accordance with the local conditions. The overall method aims at the realization of the comprehensive value of rural landscape, the coordination and win-win of the constituent factors. This method is not a total negation of tradition, and the existing planning framework and methods, but on the basis of critical inheritance, emphasizes the coordination and organic unity of many factors, through the overall design, tries hard to get past the misconception of appearance and return to the rural landscape. And to achieve the rural nature, social and economic development of a healthy balance. This paper begins with the analysis of the present situation of rural landscape construction in Zhejiang Province and the present research situation at home and abroad. Then, through combing, analyzing and reflecting on the traditional and existing methods of rural landscape construction, the author puts forward that the rural landscape should be placed in natural habitat. The three aspects of economic production and living life are closely related to each other. From the perspective of the system and the whole, we can grasp the value and connotation of the rural landscape, and then combine the system theory and the cybernetics. The principle of landscape ecology and biological symbiosis, from the perspective of multi-dimensional view of the overall grasp of the system's composition, from the content of the system, the process of control, the ecology of the pattern, Four aspects of symbiosis of interests to integrate the landscape construction of the overall method system; finally, in view of these four aspects, combined with the Zhejiang region cases and a large number of planning practice, from the village, house three levels, Furthermore, a set of practical construction strategies and methods are discussed. It is believed that the rural landscape is a life system. After a long period of natural evolution, it has its own rational logic and strict structure, thus obtaining rich regional characteristics. Therefore, the foothold of the holistic approach to rural landscape construction is not the invention of a set of methods or strategies, but the advocacy of learning from the countryside, rediscovering it with a design vision, promoting it, and using new values and methodologies. Guide the rural landscape system in the economic and social transition period healthy and balanced development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU982.29

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