高速鐵路土質(zhì)邊坡降雨力學響應及安全性評價研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-27 20:19
【摘要】：隨著近年來我國經(jīng)濟建設的迅速發(fā)展,特別是西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的實施,在西南山區(qū)高速鐵路建設中,出現(xiàn)了大量的工程高陡邊坡。由于建設規(guī)模的不斷增大和地形地質(zhì)條件的限制,工程邊坡的高度越來越大、坡度越來越陡。伴隨著近年來暴雨洪澇等自然災害的加劇,工程邊坡災害問題日益突出,使得開展相關的減災科研工作迫在眉睫。因此,本文結合中國鐵路工程總公司(原鐵道部)重大科技開發(fā)計劃《高陡邊坡運營安全防災監(jiān)控及報警系統(tǒng)技術研究》(2010G018-E-4),針對高速鐵路沿線邊坡降雨力學響應及安全性評價問題,從非飽和巖土力學、邊坡工程學、試驗力學、現(xiàn)代試驗技術、非線性數(shù)學方法等角度著手,開展了土工試驗、模型試驗、數(shù)值仿真、理論分析等研究,為西南山區(qū)高速鐵路建設提供理論依據(jù)和技術支持。(1)以西南山區(qū)典型的地質(zhì)條件為基礎,系統(tǒng)地開展了非飽和粉質(zhì)粘土的礦物成分分析、土壤顆粒組成分析、擊實、非飽和土水(SWCC)、直剪、固結等試驗,得出了不同孔隙比和級配組成情況下的吸脫濕土水曲線,并基于上述試驗結果修正了Feng-Fredlund模型,探討了孔隙比和基質(zhì)吸力對于土體抗剪強度的影響,揭示了土體在不同基質(zhì)吸力狀態(tài)下的“軟化”特征及內(nèi)在原因。借助于非飽和土固結試驗提出了土體非飽和彈性模量的計算方法。通過上述研究為邊坡降雨力學響應分析奠定了基礎。(2)以經(jīng)典坡面流理論基礎,在坡面產(chǎn)流問題中引入Green-Ampt模型進行改進,得出坡面入滲-產(chǎn)流的基本方程,并與固-液-氣三相流固耦合理論相結合,奠定了三維邊坡降雨分析中非飽和流固耦合計算的理論基礎。(3)開展了不考慮流固耦合、單純固-液-氣流固耦合,以及本文首次提出的綜合考慮坡面產(chǎn)流-入滲耦合與固-液-氣流固耦合這三種方法的對比研究。研究結果表明：不考慮流固耦合的計算方法在坡體中的浸潤線會擴展過快,與實際情況差別較大。在長時間小雨工況下,采用本文方法和單純的固-液-氣三相耦合法的方法所得的浸潤線基本吻合,短時間降雨工況下本文方法所得的浸潤線介于非流固耦合和固-液-氣三相流固耦合法之間,但隨著降雨時間的持續(xù),兩種計算方法所得的浸潤線差別略有減小。深化拓展了非飽和土力學理論在邊坡降雨計算中的應用。(4)在分析現(xiàn)有土工離心試驗場中降雨及測試系統(tǒng)特點的基礎上,結合霧化降雨技術和光纖光柵測試技術,分別研發(fā)了新型土工離心邊坡降雨試驗系統(tǒng)和光纖光柵監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)及元件。其中新型降雨系統(tǒng)采用渦流霧化技術使得雨霧的均勻性更好,同時解決了以往試驗中雨滴過大易造成坡面濺蝕效應過大的現(xiàn)象。新型離心光纖光柵監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)減弱了傳統(tǒng)導線布置對于模型的不利干擾,并解決了測點遇水易失效的難題,從而保證了邊坡離心降雨試驗中測試數(shù)據(jù)的有效性和穩(wěn)定性。為開展邊坡降雨試驗提供了新的試驗手段和研究途徑。(5)根據(jù)相似原理進行了邊坡離心降雨試驗相似參數(shù)的推導,開展了相關材料的比選和測試,形成了邊坡離心降雨試驗集選材及筑模、監(jiān)測元件選型及布設、試驗加載及監(jiān)測的一套綜合試驗流程,為今后邊坡降雨離心試驗提供了值得借鑒的技術。(6)結合研發(fā)的新型離心降雨試驗系統(tǒng)和監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),開展了10組不同條件下的工程土質(zhì)邊坡離心降雨模型試驗,主要考慮不同的降雨條件、支擋形式、坡度情況、地層變化等,得出了試驗過程中坡體位移、含水率、孔隙水壓力、支擋結構受力等因子隨時間的演化特征及典型的坡體破壞模式等。研究表明：在相同累積降雨量條件下,長時間工況時邊坡的滑面位置比短時間暴雨工況時深2-6m；相對于普通邊坡,含軟弱夾層邊坡在降雨中易呈現(xiàn)多層滑動面；邊坡預警工作研究應從失穩(wěn)機理著手,在分析位移因子演化特征規(guī)律的基礎上,還應綜合考慮應力因子變化對邊坡穩(wěn)定的影響。上述研究成果為邊坡預警預報研究提供了新的思路。(7)以前述非飽和流固耦合綜合分析方法為基礎,基于Fortran語言和大型有限元程序Abaqus進行了二次開發(fā),得出了相應的計算模塊,在此基礎上結合前文中模型試驗部分進行了數(shù)值仿真研究,得出了降雨過程中典型時刻的有效應力場、基質(zhì)吸力場、位移場、支護結構受力等的分布模式和變化特征,補充了模型試驗對物理場研究的不足。并進一步研究了降雨形式、坡度條件和地層狀況對于邊坡降雨穩(wěn)定系數(shù)的影響,得出了西南山區(qū)土質(zhì)邊坡需要開展降雨安全警戒的坡度、坡高和軟弱夾層特征。深化了對于西南山區(qū)鐵路沿線邊坡降雨安全性影響因素的認識。(8)基于粗糙集-支持向量機方法,結合貴廣、蘭渝、成綿樂高速鐵路沿線30多個土質(zhì)邊坡工點的資料調(diào)研,建立了西南山區(qū)鐵路沿線土質(zhì)邊坡安全性評價數(shù)據(jù)庫和評價模型,提出了從宏觀角度判斷邊坡降雨安全性的方法。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economic construction in recent years, especially in the implementation of the western development strategy, there have been a large number of high and steep slopes in the construction of high speed railway in the southwest mountain area. Due to the increasing scale of construction and the limitation of terrain and geological conditions, the height of the slope is increasing and the slope is getting steeper and steeper. Because of the intensification of natural disasters such as rainstorm, flood and flood, the problem of engineering slope disaster is becoming more and more serious, which makes it urgent to carry out the related research work on disaster reduction. Therefore, this paper combines the major scientific and technological development plan of the China Railway Engineering General Corporation (the Ministry of Railways) "2010G018-E-4" for high and steep slope operation safety prevention and control and alarm system. The problem of rainfall mechanics response and safety evaluation of slope along the speed railway is carried out from the angle of unsaturated rock soil mechanics, slope engineering, experimental mechanics, modern test technology, nonlinear mathematical method and so on. The soil test, model test, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis are carried out to provide the theoretical basis for the construction of high speed railway in the southwest mountain area. (1) based on the typical geological conditions in the southwest mountain area, the mineral composition analysis of unsaturated silty clay, soil particle composition analysis, compaction, unsaturated soil water (SWCC), direct shear, consolidation and other tests were carried out, and the moisture absorption and dehumidification soil water curves under the conditions of different pore ratio and gradation were obtained, based on the above test knot. The effect of pore ratio and matrix suction on the shear strength of soil was investigated. The "softening" characteristics and internal causes of soil under different matrix suction conditions were revealed. The calculation method of unsaturated elastic modulus of soil was proposed with the aid of unsaturated soil consolidation test. Through the above study, the slope rainfall was carried out. The basis of the mechanical response analysis is laid. (2) based on the classical slope flow theory, the Green-Ampt model is introduced into the slope runoff generation problem, and the basic equations of the slope infiltration and flow production are obtained, and the theoretical foundation of the unsaturated flow and solid coupling calculation in the three dimensional slope rain analysis is laid by combining with the solid liquid gas three-phase fluid solid coupling theory. 3) the comparative study of the three methods, which are not considering fluid solid coupling, simple solid liquid air solid coupling, and the first proposed method, which is first proposed in this paper to consider the coupling of flow and infiltration and solid liquid airflow solid coupling on slope surface, is studied in this paper. The results show that the infiltration line in the slope body will expand too fast without considering the fluid solid coupling, and it is poor with the actual situation. The infiltration line obtained by this method and simple solid liquid gas three-phase coupling method is basically consistent under the long time rain condition. The infiltration line obtained by this method is between the non fluid solid coupling and the solid liquid gas three-phase fluid solid coupling method under the short time rainfall condition, but with the continuous rainfall time, two kinds of calculating parties are used. The difference in infiltration line obtained by the method is slightly reduced. The application of unsaturated soil mechanics theory to the calculation of slope rainfall is deepened. (4) on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of rainfall and testing system in the existing geotechnical centrifuge test field, a new soil centrifugal slope rainfall experiment is developed in combination with the technology of atomization rainfall and fiber Bragg grating test. The system and fiber Bragg grating monitoring system and components. The new rainfall system uses the eddy current atomization technology to make the evenness of the rain fog better. At the same time, it solves the phenomenon that the raindrop is too large and can easily cause excessive splash erosion in the previous experiments. The new centrifugal fiber Bragg grating monitoring system reduces the adverse interference of the traditional wire arrangement to the model. It also solves the problem that the test point is easy to fail when encountering water, thus ensuring the validity and stability of the test data in the slope centrifuge rain test. It provides a new test means and research approach for the experiment of slope rainfall test. (5) according to the similarity principle, the similar parameters of the slope centrifuge rain test are derived, and the relative selection of the related materials is carried out. And testing, a set of comprehensive test flow of selection and layout of monitoring elements, test loading and monitoring is formed for centrifugal rainfall test set of slope. (6) the new centrifugal rainfall test system and monitoring system have been carried out in 10 different conditions. Engineering soil slope centrifuge rainfall model test, mainly considering different rainfall conditions, support form, slope condition, formation change and so on. The evolution characteristics of slope body displacement, water content, pore water pressure, retaining structure stress and other factors with time are obtained, and the research shows that the same accumulation is in the same accumulation. Under the condition of rainfall, the sliding surface position of the slope is more than 2-6m in the short time heavy rain condition. Relative to the ordinary slope, the slope of the weak interlayer is prone to multilayered sliding surface, and the study of slope early warning should begin with the mechanism of instability. On the basis of the analysis of the evolution characteristics of the displacement factor, the slope should be considered in a comprehensive way. The effect of force factor changes on slope stability. The above research results provide new ideas for slope early warning and prediction research. (7) based on the comprehensive analysis method of unsaturated flow and solid coupling, based on the Fortran language and the large finite element program Abaqus, the corresponding calculation module is obtained. On this basis, the previous article is combined with the previous article. In the medium model test part, the numerical simulation is carried out, and the distribution patterns and changes of the effective stress field, the matrix suction field, the displacement field and the supporting structure are obtained, which supplement the shortage of the model test on the physical field, and further study the rainfall form, the slope condition and the formation condition. The influence of slope rainfall stability coefficient has been concluded that the slope, slope height and soft intercalation characteristics of the southwest mountainous soil slope need to carry out the slope, slope height and weak interlayer. (8) based on the rough set support direction quantity machine method, combined with GUI Guang, Lanzhou, chengmianle high speed railway The data investigation of more than 30 soil slope work points along the railway line has been made to establish the database and evaluation model of the safety evaluation of the soil slope along the railway in the southwest mountain area, and the method of judging the safety of the slope from the macroscopic angle is put forward.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU43
本文編號：2149024
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economic construction in recent years, especially in the implementation of the western development strategy, there have been a large number of high and steep slopes in the construction of high speed railway in the southwest mountain area. Due to the increasing scale of construction and the limitation of terrain and geological conditions, the height of the slope is increasing and the slope is getting steeper and steeper. Because of the intensification of natural disasters such as rainstorm, flood and flood, the problem of engineering slope disaster is becoming more and more serious, which makes it urgent to carry out the related research work on disaster reduction. Therefore, this paper combines the major scientific and technological development plan of the China Railway Engineering General Corporation (the Ministry of Railways) "2010G018-E-4" for high and steep slope operation safety prevention and control and alarm system. The problem of rainfall mechanics response and safety evaluation of slope along the speed railway is carried out from the angle of unsaturated rock soil mechanics, slope engineering, experimental mechanics, modern test technology, nonlinear mathematical method and so on. The soil test, model test, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis are carried out to provide the theoretical basis for the construction of high speed railway in the southwest mountain area. (1) based on the typical geological conditions in the southwest mountain area, the mineral composition analysis of unsaturated silty clay, soil particle composition analysis, compaction, unsaturated soil water (SWCC), direct shear, consolidation and other tests were carried out, and the moisture absorption and dehumidification soil water curves under the conditions of different pore ratio and gradation were obtained, based on the above test knot. The effect of pore ratio and matrix suction on the shear strength of soil was investigated. The "softening" characteristics and internal causes of soil under different matrix suction conditions were revealed. The calculation method of unsaturated elastic modulus of soil was proposed with the aid of unsaturated soil consolidation test. Through the above study, the slope rainfall was carried out. The basis of the mechanical response analysis is laid. (2) based on the classical slope flow theory, the Green-Ampt model is introduced into the slope runoff generation problem, and the basic equations of the slope infiltration and flow production are obtained, and the theoretical foundation of the unsaturated flow and solid coupling calculation in the three dimensional slope rain analysis is laid by combining with the solid liquid gas three-phase fluid solid coupling theory. 3) the comparative study of the three methods, which are not considering fluid solid coupling, simple solid liquid air solid coupling, and the first proposed method, which is first proposed in this paper to consider the coupling of flow and infiltration and solid liquid airflow solid coupling on slope surface, is studied in this paper. The results show that the infiltration line in the slope body will expand too fast without considering the fluid solid coupling, and it is poor with the actual situation. The infiltration line obtained by this method and simple solid liquid gas three-phase coupling method is basically consistent under the long time rain condition. The infiltration line obtained by this method is between the non fluid solid coupling and the solid liquid gas three-phase fluid solid coupling method under the short time rainfall condition, but with the continuous rainfall time, two kinds of calculating parties are used. The difference in infiltration line obtained by the method is slightly reduced. The application of unsaturated soil mechanics theory to the calculation of slope rainfall is deepened. (4) on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of rainfall and testing system in the existing geotechnical centrifuge test field, a new soil centrifugal slope rainfall experiment is developed in combination with the technology of atomization rainfall and fiber Bragg grating test. The system and fiber Bragg grating monitoring system and components. The new rainfall system uses the eddy current atomization technology to make the evenness of the rain fog better. At the same time, it solves the phenomenon that the raindrop is too large and can easily cause excessive splash erosion in the previous experiments. The new centrifugal fiber Bragg grating monitoring system reduces the adverse interference of the traditional wire arrangement to the model. It also solves the problem that the test point is easy to fail when encountering water, thus ensuring the validity and stability of the test data in the slope centrifuge rain test. It provides a new test means and research approach for the experiment of slope rainfall test. (5) according to the similarity principle, the similar parameters of the slope centrifuge rain test are derived, and the relative selection of the related materials is carried out. And testing, a set of comprehensive test flow of selection and layout of monitoring elements, test loading and monitoring is formed for centrifugal rainfall test set of slope. (6) the new centrifugal rainfall test system and monitoring system have been carried out in 10 different conditions. Engineering soil slope centrifuge rainfall model test, mainly considering different rainfall conditions, support form, slope condition, formation change and so on. The evolution characteristics of slope body displacement, water content, pore water pressure, retaining structure stress and other factors with time are obtained, and the research shows that the same accumulation is in the same accumulation. Under the condition of rainfall, the sliding surface position of the slope is more than 2-6m in the short time heavy rain condition. Relative to the ordinary slope, the slope of the weak interlayer is prone to multilayered sliding surface, and the study of slope early warning should begin with the mechanism of instability. On the basis of the analysis of the evolution characteristics of the displacement factor, the slope should be considered in a comprehensive way. The effect of force factor changes on slope stability. The above research results provide new ideas for slope early warning and prediction research. (7) based on the comprehensive analysis method of unsaturated flow and solid coupling, based on the Fortran language and the large finite element program Abaqus, the corresponding calculation module is obtained. On this basis, the previous article is combined with the previous article. In the medium model test part, the numerical simulation is carried out, and the distribution patterns and changes of the effective stress field, the matrix suction field, the displacement field and the supporting structure are obtained, which supplement the shortage of the model test on the physical field, and further study the rainfall form, the slope condition and the formation condition. The influence of slope rainfall stability coefficient has been concluded that the slope, slope height and soft intercalation characteristics of the southwest mountainous soil slope need to carry out the slope, slope height and weak interlayer. (8) based on the rough set support direction quantity machine method, combined with GUI Guang, Lanzhou, chengmianle high speed railway The data investigation of more than 30 soil slope work points along the railway line has been made to establish the database and evaluation model of the safety evaluation of the soil slope along the railway in the southwest mountain area, and the method of judging the safety of the slope from the macroscopic angle is put forward.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU43
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，本文編號：2149024
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