【摘要】：我國東南沿海常年受到臺風侵襲，臺風的強致災性給該地區(qū)造成巨大經(jīng)濟財產(chǎn)損失的同時也對建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的抗風安全性提出了更高要求。陣風因子表征了自然風的脈動強弱，是建筑結(jié)構(gòu)抗風設(shè)計的重要參量。本文基于臺風場實測資料對陣風因子的取值及其影響因素展開了系統(tǒng)研究，，主要內(nèi)容可概括為以下三個方面： 搭建了一套可移動式臺風近地層風場特性實測網(wǎng)絡(luò)。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)由8個2.5米高的近地測風塔構(gòu)成，具有安置靈活、使用高效的特點，可實現(xiàn)臺風近地層風場的空間多點同步觀測。利用該實測網(wǎng)絡(luò)開展了一次近地常態(tài)風觀測實驗，對實測資料進行了風場特征分析，主要包括湍流積分尺度、脈動風速譜、相關(guān)系數(shù)、相干函數(shù)等。 從脈動風的空間相關(guān)性出發(fā)，提出了一種考慮平均風速和結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸效應的陣風因子確定方法。首先基于滑動平均濾波與氣動導納等效原則建立了陣風時距的合理確定方法，并通過對比分析5種常用的氣動導納函數(shù)，獲得了等效陣風時距計算公式。然后針對實測脈動風較強的非高斯特征，推導了非高斯過程（包含硬化高斯過程和軟化高斯過程）的陣風因子理論模型，并利用實測數(shù)據(jù)對該模型準確性進行了檢驗。最后將上述陣風因子理論模型用于實測陣風因子修正，利用2006-2008年間影響我國的三次臺風過程實測資料，給出了A、B兩類場地經(jīng)修正后的陣風因子曲線，從而建立了合理確定陣風因子的完整流程。 為探究實測臺風場中部分較大陣風因子值的合理性及其形成機理，從375個臺風場實測樣本中選取了8個陣風因子值異常偏大的非常態(tài)樣本以及1個極端異常樣本進行了系統(tǒng)研究。首先針對樣本所處臺風風場位置、樣本的非高斯特性和非平穩(wěn)特性等表觀因素進行了初步分析；然后借助小波變換的多尺度分析方法著重研究了湍流間歇性的影響，比較了相干結(jié)構(gòu)提取前后樣本各尺度間歇性、能量分布、非平穩(wěn)性、非高斯性以及實測陣風因子值的變化情況，最終分析認為非高斯與非平穩(wěn)性是引起非常態(tài)陣風因子的直接原因，而多尺度相干結(jié)構(gòu)造成的湍流間歇性為其本質(zhì)根源。
[Abstract]:The southeast coast of China has been hit by typhoons all the year round. The strong disaster caused by typhoons has caused huge economic and property losses in this area, but also put forward higher requirements for the safety of building structures against wind. The gust factor is an important parameter in the wind resistant design of building structures, which indicates the intensity of the natural wind pulsation. Based on the measured data of typhoon field, this paper makes a systematic study on the values of gust factors and their influencing factors. The main contents can be summarized as follows: a set of observational network of wind field characteristics of movable typhoon near the ground is set up. The network is composed of 8 near-earth wind towers with a height of 2.5 meters. It has the characteristics of flexible placement and efficient use. It can realize the spatial multi-point synchronous observation of typhoon wind field near the ground. In this paper, a near-earth normal wind observation experiment is carried out using this network, and the wind field characteristics of the measured data are analyzed, including turbulence integral scale, fluctuating wind velocity spectrum, correlation coefficient, coherence function and so on. Based on the spatial correlation of pulsating wind, a method for determining gust factors considering the effect of mean wind speed and structure size is proposed. Based on the principle of moving average filter and equivalent aerodynamic admittance, a reasonable method for determining the time interval of gust is established, and by comparing and analyzing five kinds of commonly used pneumatic admittance functions, the formula for calculating the equivalent gust time distance is obtained. Based on the non-Gao Si characteristics of the measured pulsating wind, a theoretical model of gust factor for non-Gao Si processes (including hardening Gao Si process and softening Gao Si process) is derived, and the accuracy of the model is verified by using the measured data. Finally, the theoretical model of gust factors is applied to the correction of measured gust factors. Using the measured data of three typhoons affecting China from 2006 to 2008, the modified gust factor curves of two kinds of sites are given. Thus the complete process of reasonably determining the gust factor is established. In order to explore the rationality and formation mechanism of some larger gust factor values in typhoon field, Eight abnormal samples with abnormal gust factor values and one extreme anomaly sample were selected from 375 typhoon field samples for systematic study. In this paper, the position of typhoon wind field, the non-Gao Si characteristic and non-stationary characteristic of the sample are analyzed, and the effects of turbulence intermittence are studied with the help of the wavelet transform multi-scale analysis method. The variation of intermittent, energy distribution, nonstationary, non-Gao Si and measured gust factor values of samples before and after coherent structure extraction are compared. It is concluded that non-Gao Si and non-stationarity are the direct causes of the unnormal gust factors, and the turbulence intermittency caused by multi-scale coherent structures is the essential source.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU352.2

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