發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-24 10:30

【摘要】：城市交通的迅猛發(fā)展給人們出行帶來(lái)了極大便利，但是汽車(chē)尾氣對(duì)城市空氣環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的污染。如何有效的降解汽車(chē)尾氣改善空氣質(zhì)量是目前急需解決的問(wèn)題之一。 本論文立足于城市道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)與養(yǎng)護(hù)，以光催化材料納米二氧化鈦為基礎(chǔ)材料，將其與硅丙乳液以一定的質(zhì)量比配合形成混合涂料，在不影響市政基礎(chǔ)附屬設(shè)施正常服務(wù)功能的前提下，將這種光觸媒涂料用在汽車(chē)尾氣濃度比較大的地區(qū)，利用納米二氧化鈦的光催化能力，降解有害氣體，達(dá)到凈化環(huán)境的目的。 PM2.5是當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外公認(rèn)的評(píng)價(jià)城市空氣質(zhì)量的最佳指標(biāo)，同時(shí)，汽車(chē)尾氣是構(gòu)成PM2.5的主要成分之一。本論文從汽車(chē)尾氣和PM2.5兩個(gè)角度，對(duì)納米二氧化鈦環(huán)保涂料在城市道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)研究。首先，，本文對(duì)納米二氧化鈦基路用材料進(jìn)行了研發(fā)。為了避免納米二氧化鈦飛散對(duì)大氣產(chǎn)生二次污染，研究將納米二氧化鈦與硅丙乳液有機(jī)融合在一起，形成涂料狀物質(zhì)，將納米二氧化鈦牢固粘結(jié)在道路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施表面。同時(shí)，為了測(cè)試涂料的工程實(shí)用性，還對(duì)涂抹涂料后的試塊進(jìn)行了基本性能試驗(yàn)和路用試驗(yàn)，符合規(guī)范要求；其次，自主研發(fā)并設(shè)計(jì)了一套降解汽車(chē)尾氣和空氣PM2.5室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)裝置。該裝置可以最大限度模擬實(shí)際道路環(huán)境，滿(mǎn)足不同工況下的模擬試驗(yàn)；再次，考慮不同影響因素下納米二氧化鈦環(huán)保涂料對(duì)汽車(chē)尾氣的催化效能，對(duì)光照條件、不同配合比及重復(fù)降解效能等因素進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)，最后，進(jìn)行了納米二氧化鈦環(huán)保涂料對(duì)空氣PM2.5的降解效能的試驗(yàn)，考慮了光照條件、涂抹量、距試件表面垂直高度及重復(fù)降解效能等因素的影響。 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：光是納米二氧化鈦環(huán)保涂料發(fā)生催化效能的主要條件，紫外燈和太陽(yáng)光下，尾氣中HC降解率分別為23.6%、30.6%，NOX降解率為57.9%、60.0%；納米二氧化鈦溶液與硅丙乳液以1:5、2:5、1:2、3:5的質(zhì)量比進(jìn)行混合時(shí)，尾氣中HC降低率為25.0%、29.1%、32.4%、34.1%，NOX降低率為33.4%、36.2%、39.4%、42.1%，得到了涂料最佳質(zhì)量比為0.5-0.6之間；涂料重復(fù)降解試驗(yàn)時(shí)，尾氣中HC降低率為31.0%、30.7%、30.4%、30.6%，NOX降低率為36.4%、36.0%、36.2%、36.2%。 用最佳配合比配置的涂料進(jìn)行PM2.5降解試驗(yàn)，紫外燈和太陽(yáng)光下的PM2.5降解率為43.7%、45.6%；涂抹在不同面積試樣板（0m2,0.5m2,1.0m2）上的PM2.5降解率為0%、24.4%、30.4%；隨著距試件表面垂直高度的變化（0.5m,1.0m,1.5m），PM2.5的降低率為40.0%、33.3%、23.3%；涂料的重復(fù)降解試驗(yàn)中，PM2.5降低率為33.6%、31.2、30.4%。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of urban traffic has brought great convenience for people to travel, but the automobile exhaust has caused serious pollution to the urban air environment. How to degrade automobile exhaust effectively to improve air quality is one of the urgent problems to be solved. In this paper, based on the construction and maintenance of urban road infrastructure, the photocatalytic nano-TiO _ 2 was used as the basic material, and the mixed coating was formed by blending it with silicon-acrylic emulsion at a certain mass ratio. Without affecting the normal service function of municipal infrastructure ancillary facilities, this photocatalyst coating is used in areas with high vehicle exhaust concentration to degrade harmful gases by using the photocatalytic capacity of nanometer titanium dioxide. PM2.5 is the best index to evaluate urban air quality at home and abroad, and automobile exhaust gas is one of the main components of PM2.5. In this paper, the application of nano-TiO _ 2 environmental protection coatings in urban road infrastructure was studied from the perspectives of automobile exhaust and PM2.5. Firstly, nano-TiO2 based road materials are researched and developed in this paper. In order to avoid the secondary air pollution caused by nano-TiO _ 2 dispersion, the nano-TiO _ 2 and silicon-acrylic emulsion were combined to form a coating material, and the nano-TiO _ 2 was firmly bonded to the surface of road infrastructure. At the same time, in order to test the engineering practicability of the coating, the basic performance tests and road tests are carried out on the test blocks after coating, which meet the requirements of the specifications. An indoor test device for the degradation of automobile exhaust and air PM2.5 was developed and designed. The device can simulate the actual road environment to the maximum extent and satisfy the simulation test under different working conditions. Thirdly, considering the catalytic efficiency of nano-titanium dioxide environmental protection coating on automobile exhaust gas under different influence factors, The effects of nano-TiO _ 2 environmental protection coatings on the degradation of PM2.5 in air were tested with different mixing ratio and repeated degradation efficiency. The light condition and the amount of smear were taken into account. The influence of the vertical height to the surface of the specimen and the efficiency of repeated degradation. The results show that light is the main condition for catalytic performance of nano-TiO _ 2 environmental protection coatings. Under ultraviolet lamp and sunlight, the degradation rate of HC in tail gas is 23.66% and 30.6% respectively. The degradation rate of NOX in tail gas is 57.9% and 60.0%, respectively. When the nano-titanium dioxide solution was mixed with the silicone acrylic emulsion at the mass ratio of 1: 5 to 2: 1: 3: 5, the reduction rate of HC in the tail gas was 25.0 and 29.1g, 32.41% and 33.4% respectively. The optimum mass ratio of the coating was 0.5-0.6, and the optimum mass ratio of the coating was 0.5-0.6 in the repeated degradation test. The reduction rate of HC in the tail gas was 31.0% and 30.7% and 30.64%, and the reduction rate of NOX was 36.4% and 36.20%, 36.2% and 36.2%, 36.2%, 36.2%, 36.2%, 36.2%, 36.2% and 36.2%, respectively. The PM2.5 degradation rate of UV lamp and solar light was 43.70.The degradation rate of PM2.5 on different area sample board (0m2m2m2m2m21.0m2) was 0: 24.4m210m2. With the change of perpendicular height from the surface of sample (0.5m21.0m-1. 5m), the reduction rate of PM2.5 was 33.323.33.33. the degradation rate of PM2.5 was 43.323.30.The degradation rate of PM2.5 was 43.323.3 with the change of perpendicular height to the surface of the sample. The reduction rate of PM2.5 in the repeated degradation test of coatings was 33.6% 31.2% 30.4%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京市市政工程研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U414;TU997

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