【摘要】：礦用機(jī)械式挖掘機(jī)挖掘過程是復(fù)雜的物理過程,礦巖的挖掘阻力是設(shè)計(jì)挖掘機(jī)的主要參數(shù)之一,它直接關(guān)系到挖掘機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)、機(jī)械強(qiáng)度、機(jī)重、傳動方式和功率選擇,該指標(biāo)的準(zhǔn)確程度對挖掘機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)起著重要作用。目前我國機(jī)械式單斗挖掘機(jī)的挖掘阻力確定仍然采用前蘇聯(lián)20世紀(jì)50年代提出的計(jì)算公式。影響挖掘阻力因素主要有：土樣種類、斗齒形狀與爆破礦石塊度。本文以礦用55m3機(jī)械式挖掘機(jī)為例,以相同土樣、相同斗形,不同塊度的爆破巖石為研究對象,利用離散單元理論,通過EDEM軟件仿真模擬,將不同塊度的爆破后風(fēng)化巖石模擬為球形離散元,分析三組顆粒大小,并認(rèn)為服從正態(tài)分布,建立礦堆模型、鏟斗模型、挖掘軌跡得到挖掘過程中鏟斗沿X方向、Y方向及Z方向的阻力曲線,通過計(jì)算得到最大切向挖掘阻力、最大法向挖掘阻力、其及出現(xiàn)的時間與此時的挖掘厚度。分析得到隨著塊度粒徑的增加,最大切向挖掘阻力與最大法向挖掘阻力均增大,而出現(xiàn)最大挖掘阻力時斗桿的總轉(zhuǎn)角與此時的挖掘厚度變化趨勢大體相同。當(dāng)?shù)V石粒徑主要集中在(1.3-1.6)m時,離散單元法預(yù)測最大切向阻力誤差為2.63%；最大法向阻力誤差為2.14%；測量提升力誤差為2.98%；測量推壓力誤差為3.48%。當(dāng)?shù)V石粒徑主要集中在(1.0～1.3)m時,離散單元法預(yù)測最大切向阻力誤差為13.98%；最大法向阻力誤差為12.22%；測量提升力誤差為9.53%；測量推壓力誤差為13.69%。以上誤差均在工程上可接受范圍內(nèi),可見離散單元法可以作為研究挖掘過程中挖掘阻力的一種研究手段。
[Abstract]:Mining process of mining mechanical excavator is a complicated physical process. Mining resistance of ore rock is one of the main parameters of excavator design. It is directly related to the structure, mechanical strength, machine weight, transmission mode and power selection of excavator. The accuracy of this index plays an important role in the design of excavator. At present, the excavating resistance of mechanical single bucket excavator in our country is still determined by the formula put forward by the former Soviet Union in 1950s. The main factors affecting excavation resistance are: soil sample type, bucket tooth shape and blasting ore fragmentation. Taking mine 55m3 mechanical excavator as an example, the blasting rock with the same soil sample, the same bucket shape and different pieces of rock is taken as the research object. The discrete element theory is used to simulate the blasting rock by EDEM software. The weathered rock after blasting with different degrees of fragmentation is simulated as a spherical discrete element. The size of three groups of particles is analyzed, and it is considered that the ore heap model and bucket model are established according to normal distribution. The resistance curves of bucket along X direction Y direction and Z direction are obtained in the excavation process. The maximum tangential excavation resistance and the maximum normal excavation resistance are obtained by calculation, and the time when the bucket appears and the excavation thickness at this time are obtained. The results show that the maximum tangential excavation resistance and the maximum normal excavation resistance increase with the increase of the block size, and the total rotation angle of the bucket rod is approximately the same as that of the mining thickness when the maximum excavation resistance occurs. When the ore diameter is mainly concentrated at (1.3-1.6) m, the maximum tangential resistance error is 2.63, the maximum normal resistance error is 2.14, the lifting force error is 2.98 and the thrust pressure error is 3.48. When the ore diameter is mainly concentrated at (1.0 ~ 1.3) m, the maximum tangential resistance error is 13.98, the maximum normal resistance error is 12.2222, the lifting force error is 9.53 and the pressure error is 13.69. The above errors are all acceptable in engineering, so the discrete element method can be used as a research method to study the excavation resistance in the process of mining.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU621

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