【摘要】：目前,局部側向擾動下高應力巖石的破壞機制仍缺乏研究。本文利用自行研制的巖石真三軸電液伺服誘變(擾動)試驗系統(tǒng),開展了高應力巖石側向擾動試驗,研究不同靜載條件下巖石的破壞機制與聲發(fā)射特性；利用PFC3D軟件進行數(shù)值模擬,驗證了試驗結果,此外,還分析了不同擾動幅值條件下高應力巖石的裂紋發(fā)育規(guī)律與破壞機制。本文的研究成果為揭示巖爆機理以及提高深部鑿巖效率提供了理論與技術支持。全文主要內(nèi)容與成果如下： 1、利用巖石真三軸電液伺服誘變(擾動)試驗系統(tǒng),對100mm×100mm×100mm大尺寸花崗巖試樣進行不同靜載作用下的側向擾動破壞試驗。通過PCI-2型聲發(fā)射系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測發(fā)現(xiàn)：動力擾動下高應力巖石的聲發(fā)射最大能量事件一般滯后于擾動峰值,發(fā)生在動力卸載段；隨著靜載的增加,聲發(fā)射最大能量事件的發(fā)生時間有提前的趨勢,而且較大能量事件數(shù)量增加。 2、對試樣進行基于彈性波速變化的損傷評價和聲發(fā)射RA值(聲發(fā)射撞擊上升時間/幅度)的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),不同靜載下巖石的擾動破壞模式不同,較低靜載時,擾動僅觸發(fā)少量剪切裂紋并導致擾動近區(qū)巖石的局部剪切破壞；較高靜載時,擾動同時觸發(fā)剪切裂紋和拉伸裂紋,大量拉伸裂紋的出現(xiàn)最終導致巖石發(fā)生貫穿式整體潰崩破壞。 3、利用PFC3D首先模擬了相同擾動不同靜載作用下的巖石破壞試驗,所得結果與試驗結果一致；同時還對相同靜載不同動力擾動幅值作用下的巖石破壞試驗進行模擬。模擬結果表明,高應力巖石在側向擾動作用下其裂隙的發(fā)育速率、裂隙總量與擾動幅值成正比,在裂隙擴展深度發(fā)面,雖然提高擾動幅值可以增加裂隙擴展深度,但裂隙主要還是分布在試樣受擾動一側,裂隙貫穿性不強,同時,提高擾動幅值可以增加擾動末期裂隙發(fā)育的程度。 4、增大動力擾動幅值對于提高擾動破巖效果有幫助,但其效果有限；持續(xù)擾動的破巖效果相對于單次擾動有所提高,而提高靜載對于動力擾動破巖效果有顯著成效。
[Abstract]:At present, the failure mechanism of high stress rock under local lateral disturbance is still lacking. In this paper, the lateral disturbance test of high stress rock is carried out by using the self developed true triaxial electro-hydraulic servo mutagenesis (disturbance) test system. The failure mechanism and acoustic emission characteristics of rock under different static load conditions are studied. The experimental results are verified by numerical simulation with PFC3D software. In addition, the crack development and failure mechanism of high stress rock under different disturbance amplitude are analyzed. The results of this paper provide theoretical and technical support for revealing the mechanism of rock burst and improving the efficiency of deep rock drilling. The main contents and results are as follows: 1. Using the true triaxial electro-hydraulic servo mutagenesis (disturbance) test system, the lateral disturbance failure tests of 100mm 脳 100mm 脳 100mm large size granite specimens under different static loads are carried out. Through the monitoring of PCI-2 acoustic emission system, it is found that the maximum energy event of acoustic emission of high-stress rock under dynamic disturbance generally lags behind the peak value of disturbance and occurs in the dynamic unloading section, and with the increase of static load, The maximum energy event of acoustic emission has a tendency to occur in advance. And the number of large energy events increased by 0.2. The damage evaluation based on elastic wave velocity variation and the analysis of acoustic emission RA value (acoustic emission impact rise time / amplitude) found that, The disturbed failure modes of rock under different static loads are different. At low static load, the disturbance only triggers a small amount of shear cracks and results in local shear failure of rock near disturbance, and at higher static load, the disturbance triggers both shear cracks and tensile cracks. The appearance of a large number of tensile cracks eventually leads to the whole collapse failure of the rock. 3. PFC3D is used to simulate the rock failure test under the same disturbance and different static loads, and the results are consistent with the test results. At the same time, the rock failure test under the same static load and different amplitude of dynamic disturbance is simulated. The simulation results show that the fracture growth rate of high stress rock under lateral disturbance is proportional to the disturbance amplitude, and the crack propagation depth can be increased by increasing the disturbance amplitude. However, the fracture is mainly distributed on the disturbed side of the specimen, and the fracture penetration is not strong, at the same time, Increasing the amplitude of disturbance can increase the degree of fracture development at the end of disturbance. 4. Increasing the amplitude of dynamic disturbance is helpful to improve the effect of disturbance rock breaking, but its effect is limited, the rock breaking effect of continuous disturbance is higher than that of single disturbance. But improving static load has remarkable effect on dynamic disturbance rock breaking.
【學位授予單位】：中南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU45

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本文編號：2137193