【摘要】：嬰兒猝死綜合癥(SIDS)是1-12個(gè)月嬰兒的第一致死原因。根據(jù)流行病學(xué)研究結(jié)果，熱不舒適性、新風(fēng)供給不足和空氣污染暴露是誘發(fā)SIDS的主要環(huán)境因素。由于嬰兒睡眠期間是SIDS的高發(fā)期，因此采用切實(shí)可靠的通風(fēng)策略來調(diào)控嬰兒睡眠環(huán)境，確保嬰兒呼吸到足夠的溫度適宜的干凈空氣，對預(yù)防SIDS具有重要的實(shí)踐意義。 本研究首先通過現(xiàn)場實(shí)測評估嬰兒的睡眠環(huán)境質(zhì)量，考察針對嬰兒睡眠環(huán)境采用個(gè)性化通風(fēng)的必要性。在此基礎(chǔ)上，提出了兩種個(gè)性化送風(fēng)方式即覆蓋式個(gè)性化通風(fēng)(WCPV)和置換式個(gè)性化通風(fēng)(DPV)，以便在避免因吹風(fēng)感而引起嬰兒熱不舒適的同時(shí)，直接將處理過的干凈適溫的空氣送入嬰兒呼吸域。采用WCPV時(shí)，冷空氣被斜吹向嬰兒上方后在重力作用下落向嬰兒頭部周圍空間，將嬰兒頭部覆蓋于其影響范圍內(nèi)；采用DPV時(shí)，冷空氣被低速吹向嬰兒頭部，逐步置換頭部附近空氣，滲透進(jìn)入嬰兒呼吸域。 采用經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證的基于計(jì)算流體力學(xué)(CFD)的數(shù)值模擬方法，本研究考察了上述兩種個(gè)性化通風(fēng)方式的應(yīng)用效果。在室內(nèi)環(huán)境的數(shù)值模型中，嬰兒仰臥于位于室內(nèi)中間位置的床上；設(shè)置在床背后墻上的壁掛式空調(diào)將24oC的空氣以0.4m/s的速度吹向45°斜下方，室內(nèi)換氣次數(shù)為5ACH；立在離床沿0.1m的個(gè)性化通風(fēng)裝置以0.5L/s的流量將18oC的干凈空氣吹向嬰兒頭部。根據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果，WCPV和DPV均能將嬰兒頭部周邊的風(fēng)速控制在0.2m/s以下，溫度控制在18~22oC之間，以滿足嬰兒的熱舒適要求；另一方面，采用WCPV和DPV能分別將嬰兒呼吸域的空氣齡降低39%和86%；DPV能比WCPV快4.6倍將干凈空氣送入嬰兒呼吸域，并使送風(fēng)可及性提高24%。此外，本研究考察了源于一個(gè)站立于個(gè)性化通風(fēng)裝置對面床沿邊的成年人的三手煙和流感對嬰兒的影響。結(jié)果顯示，采用WCPV和DPV分別將嬰兒吸入空氣中的三手煙濃度降低了67%和86%，將嬰兒感染流感的概率降低了68%和92%。 本研究進(jìn)一步考察了個(gè)性化通風(fēng)的送風(fēng)量及嬰兒睡眠姿勢對WCPV和DPV應(yīng)用效果的影響。計(jì)算結(jié)果顯示，當(dāng)個(gè)性化通風(fēng)送風(fēng)量減少至0.25L/s，嬰兒呼吸域的換氣效率顯著降低，嬰兒對室內(nèi)污染的暴露大幅增加。當(dāng)嬰兒將臉朝向個(gè)性化通風(fēng)裝置相反一側(cè)時(shí)，WCPV的應(yīng)用效果雖然略有改善但仍然不如DPV的應(yīng)用效果。 綜上所述，與WCPV相比，，DPV具有更好的個(gè)性化通風(fēng)應(yīng)用效果，能更好地控制嬰兒的呼吸空氣質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the first cause of death in infants aged 1-12 months. According to the results of epidemiological studies, thermal discomfort, lack of fresh air supply and air pollution exposure are the main environmental factors that induce SIDS. Since SIDS is a high incidence period during infant sleep, it is of great practical significance to prevent SIDS by adopting reliable ventilation strategies to regulate the sleeping environment of infants and to ensure that infants breathe enough clean air with adequate temperature. In this study, the quality of infant's sleep environment was evaluated by field measurement, and the necessity of individualized ventilation for infant's sleep environment was investigated. On this basis, two individualized ventilation modes, namely overlay individualized ventilation (WCPV) and displacement individualized ventilation (DPV), are proposed in order to avoid the thermal discomfort caused by blowing air. Send clean and warm air directly into the infant's respiratory tract. With WCPV, cold air is deflected to the top of the baby and then falls into the space around the baby's head by gravity, covering the baby's head in the area of influence; when using DPV, the cold air is blown to the baby's head at a low speed. Step by step replace the air near the head and penetrate into the infant's respiratory region. Based on the proven numerical simulation method based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the effects of the two individual ventilation methods mentioned above are investigated in this study. In the numerical model of indoor environment, the infant lies on the bed located in the middle of the room, and the wall mounted air conditioner on the back wall of the bed blows the air from 24oC to 45 擄at the speed of 0.4m/s, and the number of indoor air exchange is 5ACH; A personalized ventilator standing 0.1 m from the edge of the bed blows 18 oC of clean air to the baby's head at a flow rate of 0.5 L / s. According to the calculation results, both WCPVs and DPVs can control the wind speed around the baby's head below 0.2m/s and the temperature between 182oC to satisfy the thermal comfort requirement of the baby. WCPV and DPV can reduce the air age of infant respiratory region by 39% and 86% respectively. DPV can send clean air into infant respiratory region 4.6 times faster than WCPV, and increase the air supply accessibility by 24%. In addition, the study examined the effects of three-hand smoke and influenza on infants from an adult standing on the edge of a bed opposite a personalized ventilation device. The results showed that WCPV and DPV reduced the concentration of three-hand smoke in air by 67% and 86%, respectively, and reduced the probability of infantile infection by 68% and 92%, respectively. The effects of individualized ventilation and infant sleep posture on the application of WCPV and DPV were investigated. The results show that when the ventilation volume of individualized ventilation is reduced to 0.25 L / s, the air exchange efficiency in the respiratory region of infants decreases significantly, and the exposure of infants to indoor pollution increases significantly. The application effect of WCPV is not as good as that of DPV, although the application effect of WCPV is slightly improved when the baby faces toward the opposite side of the ventilation device. In conclusion, compared with WCPV, DPV has better application effect of individualized ventilation and can better control the air quality of infants.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU834

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

1 楊振曉;李振海;劉猛;;上海地區(qū)夏季夜間通風(fēng)對睡眠環(huán)境的影響研究[J];建筑熱能通風(fēng)空調(diào);2013年02期

2 薛紅香;劉學(xué)來;李永安;張紅瑞;;睡眠環(huán)境熱舒適性模型的建立[J];山東建筑大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2008年05期

3 羅淵;徐文華;;平均輻射溫度對睡眠環(huán)境人體熱舒適的影響[J];制冷技術(shù);2010年04期

4 曉雨;家里的“路”怎么走[J];技術(shù)監(jiān)督縱橫;2000年04期

5 ;[J];;年期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前2條

1 金鑫;;以睡眠環(huán)境科學(xué)理念引導(dǎo)和促進(jìn)睡眠產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展[A];新觀點(diǎn)新學(xué)說學(xué)術(shù)沙龍文集12：睡眠是醫(yī)學(xué)問題還是社會(huì)問題[C];2007年

2 黃耀梁;劉大樹;陳東來;岑水泉;張鴻儒;王野;韓笑;薛順生;;結(jié)合睡眠狀態(tài)檢測的睡眠環(huán)境智能調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)[A];中國自動(dòng)化學(xué)會(huì)中南六省（區(qū)）2010年第28屆年會(huì)·論文集[C];2010年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前7條

1 呂群;講究睡眠環(huán)境引起的誤區(qū)[N];中國醫(yī)藥報(bào);2000年

2 本報(bào)記者 唐夏;科學(xué)挑選寢具帶來健康睡眠[N];中國消費(fèi)者報(bào);2010年

3 謝明;創(chuàng)造舒適的睡眠環(huán)境[N];大眾衛(wèi)生報(bào);2003年

4 記者 陸俊;業(yè)界研討睡眠環(huán)境與床墊選擇[N];消費(fèi)日報(bào);2013年

5 張荔子;失眠女性比男性多[N];健康報(bào);2005年

6 王學(xué)東;寶寶白天小睡有益發(fā)育[N];中國中醫(yī)藥報(bào);2005年

7 張桔紅;如何營造一個(gè)舒適的睡眠環(huán)境[N];家庭醫(yī)生報(bào);2007年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 孫浩;嬰兒睡眠環(huán)境的個(gè)性化通風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)[D];華中科技大學(xué);2014年

本文編號：2120299