本文選題：排水防澇 + SWMM��； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來，，受全球氣候變化影響，很多城市出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的暴雨內(nèi)澇災(zāi)害，嚴(yán)重危害了社會(huì)管理、城市運(yùn)行和居民的日常生活。針對(duì)上述情況，住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部印發(fā)了“城市排水（雨水）防澇綜合規(guī)劃編制大綱”，根據(jù)大綱要求，縣城中心城區(qū)應(yīng)能有效應(yīng)對(duì)不低于20年一遇的暴雨，并且對(duì)于集雨面積超過2平方公里的管段，推薦使用水力模型對(duì)雨水管渠的規(guī)劃方案進(jìn)行校核。 本研究使用美國環(huán)保局開發(fā)的SWMM（暴雨雨水管理模型）軟件作為主要研究工具，以寧鄉(xiāng)縣城為例： （1）以芝加哥降雨過程線法設(shè)計(jì)2年一遇降雨，對(duì)寧鄉(xiāng)縣城現(xiàn)狀管渠進(jìn)行雨洪模擬，模擬結(jié)果與現(xiàn)狀資料溢水處基本吻合，驗(yàn)證了SWMM模擬的合理性；采用長沙市最新暴雨強(qiáng)度公式對(duì)寧鄉(xiāng)縣現(xiàn)狀溪渠重新設(shè)計(jì)，以2年一遇的重現(xiàn)期確定管渠尺寸。 （2）用SWMM對(duì)重現(xiàn)期為2年降雨下的規(guī)劃雨水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行校核，模擬結(jié)果表明，取P=2a時(shí)，除DY4-4節(jié)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)少量溢水，推理公式法所設(shè)計(jì)的雨水系統(tǒng)基本滿足兩年一遇降雨的排水要求，驗(yàn)證了SMMM模擬的合理性。 （3）再次使用芝加哥降雨過程線法設(shè)計(jì)20年一遇的降雨，用SWMM模型對(duì)上述推理公式法確定的雨水管渠進(jìn)行模擬，當(dāng)管渠水位線超過地面高程線，即發(fā)生溢流，形成地面積水；通過增設(shè)雨水調(diào)蓄池模擬20年一遇降雨下管渠的水流狀態(tài)；以沒有地面溢流為原則確定雨水調(diào)蓄池的容積，使得規(guī)劃雨水管渠的排水能力能夠滿足20年一遇的降雨要求。 （4）城市化進(jìn)程嚴(yán)重破壞了城市下墊面的透水性，直接導(dǎo)致雨水徑流、洪峰流量的大大增加。事實(shí)證明僅僅提高排水管渠設(shè)計(jì)暴雨重現(xiàn)期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的，不但工程造價(jià)很高，而且限于場地條件，很難在城市的老城區(qū)對(duì)現(xiàn)有管網(wǎng)進(jìn)行改造。我們可以采用貼近自然的雨水管理辦法，盡可能不立即將城市雨水排入管道和河流中，而是利用城市現(xiàn)有洼地水體進(jìn)行分散的蓄留和初步凈化，將雨水短暫地存儲(chǔ)起來，再緩慢排入河流。 （5）根據(jù)寧鄉(xiāng)縣城區(qū)的實(shí)際地勢情況，利用閑置空地改造成調(diào)蓄池。在20年一遇的設(shè)計(jì)降雨下，較大的雨水徑流量在經(jīng)過調(diào)蓄池后出流流量明顯減小，從而起到了防澇的作用。利用洼地蓄水或修建調(diào)蓄池能夠減少排水系統(tǒng)中排水管渠的尺寸和造價(jià)，是一項(xiàng)能有效提高城市現(xiàn)有排水系統(tǒng)排水防澇能力的工程措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, under the influence of global climate change, many cities have suffered severe rainstorm and waterlogging disaster, which has seriously damaged the social management, urban operation and daily life of residents. In response to the above situation, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction issued an outline for the Comprehensive Urban drainage (Rain Water) Flood Prevention Plan. According to the outline, the central city of a county should be able to cope effectively with rainstorms of not less than 20 years. It is recommended that the hydraulic model be used to check the planning scheme of the rainwater pipe canal for the section of rainwater catchment area exceeding 2 square kilometers. In this study, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed SWMM (rainstorm Rain Water Management Model) software as the main research tool, taking Ningxiang County as an example: (1) the Chicago rainfall process line method is used to design the rainfall once in 2 years. The simulation results of rain and flood in the current pipe and canal of Ningxiang county are in good agreement with the overflow of the current data, which verifies the rationality of SWMM simulation, and redesigns the current river canal in Ningxiang county by using the latest rainstorm intensity formula in Changsha. The size of pipe and canal is determined by the recurrence period of 2 years. (2) the planning Rain Water system with 2-year rainfall is checked. The simulation results show that a small amount of overflow occurs except for the DY4-4 node at 2a. The Rain Water system designed by the reasoning formula method basically meets the drainage requirement of rainfall once in two years, which verifies the rationality of the simulation. (3) the rainfall once in 20 years is designed by using the Chicago rainfall process line method again. SWMM model is used to simulate the stormwater pipe canal determined by the above reasoning formula method. When the water level of the pipe canal exceeds the ground elevation line, there will be overflow, and the surface water will be formed, and the flow state of the pipe canal will be simulated by adding Rain Water storage tank to simulate the flow state of the pipe canal under 20 years of rainfall. Based on the principle of no surface overflow, the volume of the Rain Water storage tank is determined, which makes the drainage capacity of the rainwater pipe can meet the rainfall requirement once in 20 years. (4) the urbanization process has seriously damaged the permeability of the urban underlying surface. Rain Water runoff and Hong Feng flow increase greatly. It has been proved that it is far from enough to raise the standard of rainstorm recurrence period of drainage canal design only. Not only the engineering cost is very high, but also the site condition is limited, it is very difficult to transform the existing pipe network in the old urban area of the city. We can use the Rain Water management method, which is close to nature, to not immediately drain the city Rain Water into pipes and rivers, but to use the city's existing depressions for scattered storage and initial purification to store Rain Water for a short period of time. (5) according to the actual terrain of Ningxiang County, the idle space is transformed into a storage pond. Under the design rainfall once in 20 years, the larger Rain Water runoff decreases obviously after passing through the storage tank, which plays the role of waterlogging prevention. Using depressions to store water or build storage tanks can reduce the size and cost of drains in the drainage system. It is an engineering measure that can effectively improve the drainage and waterlogging prevention capacity of the existing drainage systems in cities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU992.01

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