本文選題：濾料 + 過(guò)濾性能��； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著人口的增長(zhǎng)以及經(jīng)濟(jì)和工業(yè)化的迅速發(fā)展,生活和工業(yè)廢水逐年增加,加重了對(duì)地表水和地下水等水體的污染。其中,氮化合物的污染治理已經(jīng)成為研究的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。面對(duì)普遍污染的地表水源和日益嚴(yán)格的飲用水水質(zhì)要求,自來(lái)水廠常規(guī)給水處理工藝迎來(lái)了前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)與壓力。濾料作為水廠濾池的核心構(gòu)成,對(duì)飲用水出水水質(zhì)改善起著關(guān)鍵作用。不同濾料有著不同特點(diǎn),掌握濾料過(guò)濾特性,考慮特定水質(zhì)條件、濾料應(yīng)用經(jīng)濟(jì)性與管理便利性,選擇使用適合水廠條件的濾料,有助于提升濾池水處理效果,適用于水廠濾池的升級(jí)改造,具有廣泛的應(yīng)用潛力。本文以無(wú)煙煤、沸石、瓷砂濾料為基礎(chǔ),組成單層均質(zhì)濾柱、混合濾柱和分層濾柱,在正常濾速10m/h運(yùn)行條件下,進(jìn)行對(duì)比中試試驗(yàn),比較不同濾柱的過(guò)濾性能,探索不同濾柱沿層過(guò)濾性能的變化。篩選四根濾柱進(jìn)行低濾速(5m/h)過(guò)濾的中試試驗(yàn),研究濾速對(duì)過(guò)濾性能的影響。采用X射線(xiàn)能譜分析(EDS)、傅里葉轉(zhuǎn)換紅外光譜測(cè)定(FT-IR)和熱場(chǎng)發(fā)射掃描電鏡(SEM)等方法表征濾料結(jié)構(gòu),以了解不同濾料的物理化學(xué)特性。試驗(yàn)研究表明:(1)無(wú)煙煤濾料和沸石濾料的外觀形貌相似,呈極不規(guī)則且局部有棱角的塊狀體,表面粗糙,凹凸不平,孔隙較發(fā)達(dá);瓷砂濾料為外觀形貌較規(guī)則均勻的球體,表面較光滑沒(méi)有棱角,孔隙較不發(fā)達(dá)。沸石與瓷砂的化學(xué)組成相似,O元素最多,但瓷砂中SiO2和Al2O3的含量均高于沸石,機(jī)械強(qiáng)度也高于沸石;無(wú)煙煤則主要以有機(jī)官能團(tuán)為主,C元素含量居首。(2)瓷砂濾料機(jī)械強(qiáng)度高,抗水流沖刷能力強(qiáng),層間空隙率大,初始水損小,過(guò)濾周期長(zhǎng),對(duì)濁度去除效果最好。與其他濾料組合后,有助于延長(zhǎng)過(guò)濾周期。如分層濾料過(guò)濾周期最長(zhǎng),10m/h濾速時(shí),過(guò)濾周期為50.5h,降低濾速為5m/h后,過(guò)濾周期增長(zhǎng)到76h。(3)濾料在正常濾速下對(duì)氨氮去除效果最好,對(duì)亞硝態(tài)氮及硝態(tài)氮去除效果弱,降低濾速后三氮去除效果均有所提高。濾速降低后,水流與濾層的接觸時(shí)間增長(zhǎng),水流沖刷力減小,有助于濾層充分發(fā)揮吸附作用。(4)濾柱中UV254主要靠吸附去除,正常濾速下,只有混合濾柱和分層濾柱對(duì)其表現(xiàn)出去除效果。UV254去除效果受過(guò)濾速度和進(jìn)水UV254影響,去除率隨濾速的降低和進(jìn)水UV254的增加而升高。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the growth of population and the rapid development of economy and industrialization, the domestic and industrial wastewater increased year by year, which aggravated the pollution of surface water and groundwater. Among them, the pollution control of nitrogen compounds has become a hot issue. In the face of the widespread pollution of surface water sources and the increasingly stringent requirements of drinking water quality, the conventional water supply treatment process of water supply plants is facing unprecedented challenges and pressures. As the core of water plant filter, filter media plays a key role in the improvement of drinking water quality. Different filter media have different characteristics. It is helpful to improve the filter water treatment effect by mastering the filtration characteristics of filter media, considering the specific water quality conditions, using the filter media suitable for the conditions of water plant, considering the economic and management convenience of the application of the filter media. It is suitable for water plant filter upgrading and has wide application potential. On the basis of anthracite, zeolite and porcelain sand filter material, single layer homogeneous filter column, mixed filter column and stratified filter column were formed. Under normal filtration rate 10m/h operation conditions, the filtration performance of different filter columns was compared. To explore the change of filtration performance of different filter column along the layer. The effect of filtration rate on filtration performance was studied by pilot-scale experiment of low filtration rate (5m/h) filtration with four filter columns. The structure of filter media was characterized by means of X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that: (1) the morphology of anthracite filter material and zeolite filter material is similar, and it is a very irregular and local block with rough surface, uneven surface, well developed pores, and porcelain sand filter material is a regular and uniform ball. The surface is smooth and has no angulation, and the pores are less developed. The content of Sio _ 2 and Al _ 2O _ 3 in porcelain sand is higher than that of zeolite, and the mechanical strength is higher than that of zeolite, while the content of C element in anthracite is mainly organic functional group. (2) the mechanical strength of ceramic sand filter material is high. The water flow erosion resistance is strong, the interlayer void ratio is large, the initial water loss is small, the filtration period is long, and the turbidity removal efficiency is the best. When combined with other filter media, it helps to prolong the filtration period. For example, when the filtration period of stratified media is 10 m / h, the filtration period is 50.5 h, and the filtration period increases to 76 h when the filtration rate is reduced to 5m/h. (3) the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen is the best at normal filtration rate, but the removal effect of nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is weak. After reducing the filtration rate, the removal efficiency of trinitrogen was improved. The contact time between the flow and the filter layer increases after the filtration rate decreases, and the flow scour force decreases. (4) the UV254 in the filter column is mainly removed by adsorption, and at the normal filtration rate, UV254 in the filter column is mainly removed by adsorption. Only the mixed filter column and the stratified filter column showed the removal effect. The removal rate of UV254 was affected by the filtration rate and the influent UV254, and the removal rate increased with the decrease of the filtration rate and the increase of the influent UV254.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU991.2

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相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：2090724