本文選題：體外預(yù)應(yīng)力 + 粗料石砌體墻��； 參考：《東南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國東南沿海地區(qū)(尤其是福建地區(qū))盛產(chǎn)石材,該地區(qū)村鎮(zhèn)建筑以石砌體結(jié)構(gòu)為主,具有濃厚的建筑特色和悠久的歷史。然而,調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),該地區(qū)石結(jié)構(gòu)大多未設(shè)置圈梁、構(gòu)造柱,抗震性能較差,存在“小震成災(zāi)、大震大災(zāi)”的隱患。為提出合理的提高粗料石砌體抗震性能方法,本文開展了體外預(yù)應(yīng)力粗料石砌體墻抗震性能試驗(yàn)研究。通過7片粗料石砌體墻的水平低周反復(fù)荷載試驗(yàn),研究了體外預(yù)應(yīng)力大小、預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋布置形式、窗洞口等不同參數(shù)對體外預(yù)應(yīng)力粗料石砌體墻的受力過程、破壞形態(tài)、抗剪強(qiáng)度、滯回曲線、骨架曲線、變形能力、耗能能力以及剛度退化等抗震性能的影響。研究結(jié)果表明：體外預(yù)應(yīng)力粗料石砌體墻的破壞過程可近似劃分為彈性階段、彈塑性階段和摩擦耗能階段;體外預(yù)應(yīng)力不僅大大提高了墻體的開裂荷載和極限荷載,又能顯著改善墻體的變形能力、延性和耗能能力;墻體開裂荷載和極限荷載隨著體外預(yù)應(yīng)力的增加而增大,體外預(yù)應(yīng)力改變了墻體破壞形態(tài)和裂縫分布,使破壞時裂縫分布更加均勻,石砌體墻“裂而不散”；墻體滯回性能和耗能能力都隨著體外預(yù)應(yīng)力的增加先逐漸增強(qiáng)后逐漸降低,在0.3MPa體外預(yù)應(yīng)力作用下達(dá)到最大；體外預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋能夠延緩墻體剛度退化,對墻體倒塌起“二道防線”作用；相比在墻體兩端和中間同時布置體外預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋,預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋全部布置在墻體兩端可以提高墻體開裂荷載,但會降低墻體極限荷載,以及滯回性能、能量耗散系數(shù)、剛度退化等抗震性能,在實(shí)際工程中建議采用分布式預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋布置形式；窗洞口對墻體整體性能和抗震性能削弱非常明顯,在實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)中應(yīng)盡量避免開過大的門窗洞口。根據(jù)試驗(yàn)及理論分析,提出了體外預(yù)應(yīng)力粗料石砌體墻的抗剪承載能力理論公式和設(shè)計計算公式,該公式與非預(yù)應(yīng)力粗料石砌體墻抗剪承載力計算公式平滑過渡,不僅可用于體外預(yù)應(yīng)力粗料石砌體墻的抗剪承載能力計算,還適用于普通粗料石墻的抗剪承載能力計算。通過計算發(fā)現(xiàn),地震設(shè)防烈度低于7度(0.10g)時,粗料石砌體房屋可以不采取任何抗震構(gòu)造措施,結(jié)構(gòu)抗震承載力可滿足要求；對墻體施加0.2MPa體外預(yù)應(yīng)力,可以使粗料石砌體結(jié)構(gòu)抗震性能滿足8度(0.2g)時的抗震設(shè)防烈度要求；對墻體施加0.3MPa的體外應(yīng)力,可以使粗料石砌體結(jié)構(gòu)抗震性能滿足8度(0.3g)的抗震設(shè)防烈度要求。對于我國東南沿海地區(qū)(尤其是福建地區(qū))村鎮(zhèn)建筑,施加0.2 MPa體外預(yù)應(yīng)力(同時在墻體中間和兩端布置預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋),可以滿足該地區(qū)粗料石砌體結(jié)構(gòu)的抗震性能要求。本文結(jié)合試驗(yàn)施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)及國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,總結(jié)了一些有關(guān)體外預(yù)應(yīng)力粗料石砌體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和施工方面的建議,可以作為體外預(yù)應(yīng)力粗料石結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和施工甚至石結(jié)構(gòu)加固工作的參考。
[Abstract]:The southeast coastal areas of China (especially in Fujian area) are rich in stone production. The village and town buildings in this area are mainly stone masonry structure, with strong architectural features and long history. However, it is found that most of the stone structures in this area have not been set up and the structural columns have poor seismic performance, and the hidden danger of "small earthquake disaster and big earthquake disaster" is put forward. In order to improve the aseismic behavior of the coarse material masonry, the seismic performance of the external prestressed coarse material masonry wall is studied in this paper. Through the horizontal low cycle cyclic loading test of 7 coarse material masonry walls, the size of the external prestressing force, the layout of the prestressed reinforcement and the different parameters of the window hole, etc., are studied. The effect of the stress process of the body wall, the failure form, the shear strength, the hysteresis curve, the skeleton curve, the deformation capacity, the energy dissipation capacity and the stiffness degradation. The results show that the failure process of the external prestressed coarse material stone masonry wall can be approximately divided into elastic phase, elastoplastic stage and friction energy dissipation stage, and external prestressing force can not be used. The cracking load and ultimate load of the wall can be greatly improved, and the deformation capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the wall can be greatly improved. The cracking load and ultimate load of the wall increase with the increase of the external prestress, and the external prestress changes the damage form and the distribution of the cracks in the wall, so that the distribution of the cracks is even more uniform when the wall is destroyed. "Split but not scattered"; the wall hysteresis performance and energy dissipation capacity are gradually increased with the increase of external prestress, and then gradually decrease and reach the maximum under the effect of 0.3MPa external prestress; the external prestressed reinforcement can delay the wall stiffness degradation and play the role of "two lines of defense" on the collapse of the wall; compared to the two ends and middle walls of the wall. Layout of external prestressed steel bar, the layout of prestressed reinforcement at both ends of the wall can increase the cracking load of the wall, but it will reduce the wall limit load, hysteresis performance, energy dissipation coefficient, stiffness degradation and so on. In practical engineering, it is suggested that the distribution of distributed pre stress reinforcement is adopted in the actual project, and the whole performance of the window hole is on the wall. It is very obvious that the seismic performance is weakened, and the open door and window openings should be avoided in the actual structure. According to the experimental and theoretical analysis, the theoretical formula and calculation formula of the shear bearing capacity of the external prestressed coarse material stone masonry wall are put forward. The formula is smooth transition from the calculation formula of the shear bearing capacity of the non prestressed coarse stone masonry wall. It can be used not only for the calculation of the shear bearing capacity of the external prestressing crude stone masonry wall, but also to the calculation of the shear bearing capacity of the ordinary coarse stone wall. It is found that when the seismic fortification intensity is less than 7 degrees (0.10g), the masonry building of the coarse material can not take any seismic construction measures and the structural seismic bearing capacity can meet the requirements; The application of 0.2MPa external prestress can make the aseismic performance of the masonry structure meet the seismic fortification intensity requirements of 8 degrees (0.2g), and the external stress of 0.3MPa on the wall can make the aseismic performance of the masonry structure meet the seismic fortification intensity of 8 degrees (0.3g). For the southeast coastal areas of China (especially in Fujian area) The construction of village and town, applying 0.2 MPa external prestress (at the same time placing prestressed reinforcement in the middle and both ends of the wall), can meet the seismic performance requirements of the coarse material stone masonry structure in this area. This paper summarizes the construction design and construction of the masonry structure with external pre stress coarse material stone, combining the experience of the construction of the area and the present situation at home and abroad. It can be used as a reference for the design and construction of external prestressed coarse aggregate structure and even for the reinforcement of stone structures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TU363;TU352.11

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