本文選題：柴油 + 甲醇�。� 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著能源與環(huán)境形勢的日益嚴(yán)峻,節(jié)能減排已成為一個(gè)世界性的熱點(diǎn)問題。同樣,我國作為世界級(jí)的汽車與能耗大國,2013年的石油表觀消費(fèi)量為5.14億噸,石油進(jìn)口量突破3億噸,對(duì)外依存度達(dá)59.5%,因此,尋找內(nèi)燃機(jī)替代燃料減少石油資源的消耗在我國顯得尤為重要。甲醇作為一種燃料,在常溫常壓下呈液態(tài),而且富氧、可再生,早已被證明可以應(yīng)用在內(nèi)燃機(jī)中。尤其是我國煤炭資源豐富,擁有巨大的甲醇產(chǎn)能,而石油資源緊缺,使得甲醇可以、也有必要成為我國內(nèi)燃機(jī)替代燃料的理想選擇之一。本課題組提出了柴油/甲醇組合燃燒(Diesel and Methanol Compound Combustion,DMCC)技術(shù),成功地將甲醇應(yīng)用在柴油機(jī)上,到目前為止已有十余年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累。然而,我們過去的研究主要針對(duì)自然吸氣式與增壓中冷式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī);應(yīng)用則主要針對(duì)重型卡車,并未涉及采用增壓非中冷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的非道路工程機(jī)械。因此,圍繞DMCC技術(shù)在工程機(jī)械上應(yīng)用的可行性及對(duì)其工作特性的影響,開展了本課題的研究。首先,本課題是在一臺(tái)增壓非中冷的典型工程機(jī)械發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上進(jìn)行部分改裝,使其能夠使用DMCC技術(shù)。并搭建試驗(yàn)臺(tái)架,進(jìn)行發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)純柴油與DMCC兩種燃油模式的試驗(yàn)對(duì)比、分析,研究DMCC技術(shù)對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能的影響。其次,在臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)得到滿意結(jié)果之后,本課題結(jié)合先前的工作基礎(chǔ)對(duì)礦山運(yùn)輸車與裝載機(jī)進(jìn)行了DMCC技術(shù)的應(yīng)用改裝;并通過實(shí)際運(yùn)行考察工程機(jī)械使用DMCC的應(yīng)用效果。臺(tái)架研究表明,工程機(jī)械發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在使用DMCC時(shí),與純柴油對(duì)比有如下不同:1)在燃燒特性方面,進(jìn)氣溫度更低,平均降幅達(dá)6.2℃;最大放熱率增大,平均增幅達(dá)44.2 k J/(m3°CA);爆發(fā)壓力上升,負(fù)荷越大上升越明顯,平均上升0.76MPa,升幅為6.8%。2)在動(dòng)力性方面,外特性扭矩會(huì)出現(xiàn)2.8%的小幅下降;外特性功率與原機(jī)相比最大降幅為5.5k W、平均下降3.3k W,降幅2.1%。3)燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性方面,甲醇對(duì)柴油的替代率平均能達(dá)30%左右;有效燃油消耗率降低,最大降幅為15 g/(k W·h),平均降幅為5.0 g/(k W·h),同比下降2.3%;有效熱效率提高,平均增幅為0.87%。應(yīng)用結(jié)果表明,工程機(jī)械DMCC應(yīng)用的動(dòng)力性增強(qiáng),燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性提高。以礦車為例,實(shí)況運(yùn)行的替代率達(dá)35%,燃油成本下降24%。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly severe energy and environmental situation, energy conservation and emission reduction has become a worldwide hot issue. Similarly, as a world-class automobile and energy consuming country, China's apparent oil consumption in 2013 was 514 million tons, oil imports exceeded 300m tons, and its external dependence reached 59.55.Therefore, It is very important to find alternative fuels for internal combustion engines to reduce the consumption of petroleum resources in China. As a kind of fuel, methanol is liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and is oxygen-rich and renewable, which has been proved to be applicable in internal combustion engines for a long time. In particular, China is rich in coal resources and has a huge methanol production capacity. However, because of the shortage of petroleum resources, methanol can and is necessary to become one of the ideal alternative fuels for internal combustion engines in China. The diesel and method compound combustionc (DMCCs) technology has been put forward in this paper, and methanol has been successfully applied to diesel engines for more than ten years. However, our previous studies mainly focused on naturally aspirated and turbocharged intercooled engines, while the applications were mainly for heavy trucks, and did not involve non-road engineering machinery with turbocharged non-intercooled engines. Therefore, the feasibility of the application of DMCC technology in construction machinery and the influence on its working characteristics are studied in this paper. Firstly, a typical turbocharged non-intercooled construction machinery engine is partly modified to make it use DMCC technology. The test bench was set up to compare the two fuel modes of pure diesel and DMCC, and the effect of DMCC technology on engine performance was studied. Secondly, after the satisfactory results obtained from the bench test, the application of DMCC technology to mine transport vehicles and loaders has been modified on the basis of previous work, and the application effect of using DMCC in construction machinery has been investigated through practical operation. The bench study shows that when DMCC is used, the combustion characteristics of construction machinery engine are different from that of pure diesel oil as follows: (1) in terms of combustion characteristics, the inlet air temperature is lower, with an average decrease of 6.2 鈩，

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