本文選題：填埋場(chǎng)覆蓋層 + 黃土��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：黃土在我國(guó)干旱和半干旱的西北地區(qū)廣泛分布,是當(dāng)?shù)乩盥駡?chǎng)覆蓋層的主要材料,該材料的氣體滲透特性和甲烷氧化能力直接影響了覆蓋層對(duì)填埋氣釋放控制和甲烷減排的效果。因而研究覆蓋黃土氣體滲透特性和甲烷氧化能力,以及覆蓋層中氣體運(yùn)移和甲烷氧化的相關(guān)規(guī)律,對(duì)于甲烷氧化功能覆蓋層的設(shè)計(jì)具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文通過室內(nèi)單元體試驗(yàn)和模型試驗(yàn)、數(shù)值模擬和解析法等手段,系統(tǒng)研究了覆蓋黃土的氣體滲透特性和甲烷氧化能力,以及黃土覆蓋層中氣體運(yùn)移和甲烷氧化的相關(guān)規(guī)律,并探討了覆蓋層的甲烷氧化能力。本文所做的主要工作和相應(yīng)的研究成果如下： (1)利用自制的氣體滲透系數(shù)測(cè)量裝置測(cè)試了非飽和黃土的氣體滲透系數(shù),分析了壓實(shí)度、壓實(shí)含水量和土樣結(jié)團(tuán)狀況、服役含水量對(duì)壓實(shí)黃土氣體滲透系數(shù)的影響。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,壓實(shí)含水量相同時(shí),黃土的氣體滲透系數(shù)隨干密度的增大而呈指數(shù)型減�。桓擅芏认嗤瑫r(shí),黃土氣體滲透系數(shù)受到壓實(shí)含水量和土樣結(jié)團(tuán)狀況的共同影響；當(dāng)黃土土體結(jié)構(gòu)一定時(shí),其氣體滲透系數(shù)隨服役含水量的增大而減小,且壓實(shí)程度越高,氣體滲透系數(shù)減小得越快。 (2)通過22天的培養(yǎng)瓶試驗(yàn)測(cè)試了覆蓋黃土的甲烷氧化能力,研究了覆蓋時(shí)間、含水量和堆肥摻量等因素對(duì)黃土甲烷氧化能力的影響,分析了甲烷氧化過程中氣體組分變化關(guān)系。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,覆蓋時(shí)間不同的黃土的甲烷氧化能力相差很大,未用作覆蓋的新鮮黃土幾乎沒有甲烷氧化能力；在新鮮黃土中摻入堆肥能有效提高新鮮黃土的甲烷氧化能力；含水量對(duì)覆蓋土的甲烷氧化能力有很大影響,黃土甲烷氧化的最適宜含水量為20%～30%；甲烷氧化過程中,甲烷氧化菌將甲烷中約44%的碳氧化為二氧化碳,其余碳轉(zhuǎn)化為甲烷氧化菌胞內(nèi)物質(zhì)。 (3)利用自制的模擬覆蓋層土柱試驗(yàn)裝置開展了模擬黃土覆蓋層的土柱試驗(yàn),研究了土柱中氣體運(yùn)移和甲烷氧化規(guī)律,以及降雨對(duì)覆蓋層中氣體運(yùn)移和甲烷氧化的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,土柱兩層土中的氣壓分別沿深度線性增大,空氣擴(kuò)散傳入土中的深度約為30～40cm；經(jīng)過5天的培養(yǎng)后,土柱才逐漸具有甲烷氧化能力,試驗(yàn)中土柱的最大甲烷去除率和甲烷氧化速率分別為27.8%和68.4g CH4·m-2·d-1,甲烷氧化活動(dòng)最為強(qiáng)烈的區(qū)域?yàn)?～25cm；模擬降雨使得土柱表層土體的導(dǎo)氣性急劇減小,甲烷氧化活動(dòng)迅速減弱至近乎停止,隨著土柱表層水分逐漸下滲,導(dǎo)氣性逐漸恢復(fù),甲烷氧化能力也隨之恢復(fù)。 (4)通過建立填埋氣在垃圾體和覆蓋層中的一維穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)移模型,分析了覆蓋層氣體滲透系數(shù)和抽氣速率對(duì)填埋氣釋放控制效果的影響,并探討了覆蓋層的甲烷氧化能力,提出了一些甲烷氧化功能覆蓋層設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)確定的建議。分析和試算結(jié)果表明,在一定的產(chǎn)氣速率條件下,覆蓋層底部氣壓隨覆蓋層氣體滲透系數(shù)的減小而增大,當(dāng)該氣壓超過警戒氣壓時(shí),需要采取抽氣等措施減小氣壓以保證覆蓋層的安全穩(wěn)定性；從覆蓋層的氣體擴(kuò)散層抽氣等措施可有效減小覆蓋層底部氣壓和減少填埋氣的釋放；通過在覆蓋層的植被層中摻入堆肥等高有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的材料來提高覆蓋層的甲烷氧化能力時(shí),需要根據(jù)填埋場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)氣速率和覆蓋層的氣體滲透系數(shù)確定與之匹配的覆蓋土甲烷氧化速率,進(jìn)而得到合理的堆肥摻量。
[Abstract]:Loess is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid northwest areas of China. It is the main material for the cover layer of local landfill. The gas permeability and methane oxidation capacity of the material directly affect the effect of the cover layer on the release control of landfill gas and the methane emission reduction. As well as the law of gas migration and methane oxidation in the overburden layer, it has important practical significance for the design of methane oxidation functional coverage.
In this paper, through the laboratory unit test and model test, numerical simulation and analytical method, the gas permeability and methane oxidation capacity of the covered loess, the gas migration and methane oxidation in the loess cover layer are systematically studied, and the methane oxidation capacity of the covering layer is discussed. The main work and corresponding work of this paper are done in this paper. The results of the research are as follows:
(1) the gas permeability coefficient of unsaturated loess is tested by the self-made gas permeability coefficient measuring device, and the influence of compaction degree, compacted water content and soil sample formation and water content on the permeability coefficient of compacted loess is analyzed. The test results show that the permeability coefficient of loess increases with the dry density when the compacted water content is the same. When the dry density is the same, the permeability coefficient of the loess is affected by the compacted water content and the state of the soil sample. When the structure of the loess soil is certain, the gas permeability coefficient decreases with the increase of the service water content, and the higher the degree of compaction, the faster the gas permeability coefficient decreases.
(2) the methane oxidation capacity of loess covered with loess was tested by a 22 day culture bottle test. The effects of covering time, water content and the amount of composting on the oxidation capacity of methane were studied. The variation of gas components in the process of methane oxidation was analyzed. The test results showed that the difference of methane oxidation capacity of loess with different coverage time was very different. Large, fresh loess not used as cover almost has no methane oxidation capacity; adding compost in fresh loess can effectively improve the methane oxidation capacity of fresh loess; water content has a great influence on the methane oxidation capacity of the covered soil, and the optimum water content of methane oxidation is 20% to 30%; methane oxidizing bacteria in the process of methane oxidation About 44% of the carbon in methane is oxidized to carbon dioxide, and the remaining carbon is converted into intracellular substances of methanogenic bacteria.
(3) the soil column test of simulated loess covered layer was carried out by the self-made simulated covering soil column test device. The gas migration and methane oxidation in the soil column and the effect of rainfall on the gas migration and methane oxidation in the cover layer were studied. The experimental results showed that the air pressure in the two layers of soil column increased linearly along the depth, and the air diffused in the soil column. The depth of the afferent soil is about 30 ~ 40cm. After 5 days of culture, the soil column gradually has the capacity of methane oxidation. The maximum methane removal rate and methane oxidation rate of the soil column in the test are 27.8% and 68.4g CH4 m-2. D-1 respectively. The most intense area of methane oxidation is 5 to 25cm, and the simulated rainfall leads to the air conduction in the surface of the soil column. The activity of methane oxidation decreased rapidly to nearly stop, with the gradual infiltration of water in the surface of the soil column, the gas conductivity gradually resumed, and the methane oxidation capacity resumed.
(4) through the establishment of one dimensional steady migration model of landfill gas in the waste and cover layer, the influence of the gas permeability coefficient and the pumping rate on the control effect of the landfill gas release is analyzed, and the methane oxidation capacity of the cover layer is discussed. Some suggestions for determining the design parameters of the methane oxidation energy cover layer are put forward. The results show that the bottom pressure of the cover layer increases with the decrease of the permeability coefficient of the cover layer under certain gas production rate. When the pressure exceeds the warning pressure, the air pressure should be taken to reduce the pressure to ensure the safety and stability of the cover layer, and the cover layer can effectively reduce the cover layer from the gas diffusion layer of the cover layer. At the bottom of the air pressure and reducing the release of the landfill gas, the methane oxidation rate of the covered soil should be determined according to the gas production rate of the landfill and the gas permeability coefficient of the cover layer by adding the high organic matter content of the compost in the cover layer to improve the methane oxidation capacity. The amount of composting.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU444

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