本文選題：西南丘陵區(qū) + 鄉(xiāng)村景觀　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：黨的十八大報(bào)告將加強(qiáng)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)擺在突出位置,提出努力建設(shè)“美麗中國”的發(fā)展目標(biāo),實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族永續(xù)發(fā)展。鄉(xiāng)村景觀具有重要的生態(tài)涵養(yǎng)功能,“美麗鄉(xiāng)村”也是“美麗中國”的重要組成部分。隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的快速推進(jìn),鄉(xiāng)村景觀在城鎮(zhèn)化的沖擊下正發(fā)生著深刻的變化。隨著我國休閑時(shí)代的到來,鄉(xiāng)村旅游快速崛起,具有良好景觀資源條件的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)將迎來蓬勃的發(fā)展期。在此背景下,鄉(xiāng)村景觀規(guī)劃對于建設(shè)自然與人文交融的“美麗鄉(xiāng)村”具有極其重要的作用。本文旨在探索適合西南丘陵區(qū)特點(diǎn)的鄉(xiāng)村景觀規(guī)劃模式,并選取銅梁縣南城街道馬灘村作為案例進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究。主要研究結(jié)論如下： (1)分析了西南丘陵區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村景觀分類體系。根據(jù)相關(guān)景觀分類的研究理論與方法,按照尺度性、綜合性與主導(dǎo)因子、分級分類、定性與定量相結(jié)合、突出鄉(xiāng)村景觀資源特點(diǎn)等原則的要求,結(jié)合景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的相關(guān)原理,采用功能形態(tài)分類的方法將西南丘陵區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村景觀劃分為景觀區(qū)、景觀類、景觀單元、景觀要素的四級分類體系。景觀區(qū)是指宏觀尺度上的西南丘陵區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村景觀區(qū)。景觀類是根據(jù)人類活動對景觀的干擾程度,包括自然景觀、半自然景觀、人工景觀等。景觀單元是根據(jù)景觀結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的差異,結(jié)合土地利用特點(diǎn),對景觀類的進(jìn)一步劃分。自然景觀包括天然林地景觀、天然水域景觀、天然河流景觀、天然草地景觀等；半自然景觀包括農(nóng)田景觀、園地景觀、人工林地景觀等；人工景觀包括聚落景觀、道路景觀、農(nóng)田水利景觀等。景觀要素是根據(jù)構(gòu)成要素最明顯的土地利用特征,對景觀單元的進(jìn)一步劃分。如農(nóng)田景觀包括水田景觀、旱地景觀等。 (2)分析了西南丘陵區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村景觀基本特征。西南丘陵區(qū)因其地形地貌復(fù)雜多樣的特點(diǎn),以及受傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)耕方式、鄉(xiāng)村聚落布局、文化習(xí)俗等因素影響,形成了具有強(qiáng)烈地域特色的鄉(xiāng)村景觀。與平原地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村景觀相比,西南丘陵區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村景觀具有景觀破碎化程度較高；景觀類型豐富多樣；農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)景觀較為分散；農(nóng)田景觀面積不大、以梯田為主；容易形成“坡頂林地—坡中園地—坡下農(nóng)田—坡底水塘”的立體農(nóng)業(yè)景觀；景觀的文化內(nèi)涵豐富等特點(diǎn)。 (3)構(gòu)建了西南丘陵區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村景觀評價(jià)模型。本文構(gòu)建了由1個目標(biāo)層、5個項(xiàng)目層、9個因素層、35個指標(biāo)層組成的西南丘陵區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村景觀評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,其中項(xiàng)目層包括西南丘陵區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村景觀具有的經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、生態(tài)、美學(xué)、文化等功能,因素層包括經(jīng)濟(jì)性、社會性、生態(tài)穩(wěn)定性、景觀異質(zhì)性、自然性、有序性、空間性、多樣性、文化性等。通過對評價(jià)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理,并將主觀賦權(quán)法中的層次分析法和客觀賦權(quán)法中的熵值法、均方差法結(jié)合用于確定評價(jià)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,應(yīng)用多因素綜合評價(jià)的多目標(biāo)線性加權(quán)函數(shù)法構(gòu)建了西南丘陵區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村景觀評價(jià)模型,并將評價(jià)模型應(yīng)用于馬灘村3個分區(qū)的鄉(xiāng)村景觀評價(jià)實(shí)踐。評價(jià)結(jié)果表明,從因素層分析,分區(qū)1在鄉(xiāng)村景觀的社會性、生態(tài)穩(wěn)定性、景觀異質(zhì)性、自然性、多樣性、文化性方面較好,分區(qū)2在鄉(xiāng)村景觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)性、空間性方面較好,分區(qū)3在鄉(xiāng)村景觀的有序性方面較好；從項(xiàng)目層分析,分區(qū)1在鄉(xiāng)村景觀的生態(tài)功能、美學(xué)功能、文化功能方面較好,分區(qū)2在經(jīng)濟(jì)功能方面較好,3個分區(qū)在社會功能方面差異不大。 (4)構(gòu)建了西南丘陵區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村景觀規(guī)劃模式。在鄉(xiāng)村景觀資源調(diào)查與綜合評價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上,針對鄉(xiāng)村景觀存在的問題,以景觀生態(tài)學(xué)理論為指導(dǎo),在以發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)與鄉(xiāng)村旅游的導(dǎo)向下,分別構(gòu)建了西南丘陵區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村農(nóng)田景觀、林地景觀、園地景觀、道路景觀、溝渠景觀、水域景觀、聚落景觀、文化景觀的規(guī)劃模式。鄉(xiāng)村農(nóng)田景觀規(guī)劃應(yīng)注重農(nóng)田斑塊規(guī)劃、農(nóng)田作物搭配等；鄉(xiāng)村林地景觀規(guī)劃應(yīng)注重樹種的選擇,應(yīng)以經(jīng)濟(jì)林木作物為主；鄉(xiāng)村園地景觀規(guī)劃應(yīng)注重園地選址、樹種選擇、樹種栽植、游憩規(guī)劃等；鄉(xiāng)村道路景觀規(guī)劃應(yīng)注重道路等級劃分、道路選線布局、路面材質(zhì)選擇、生態(tài)補(bǔ)償?shù)�；鄉(xiāng)村溝渠景觀規(guī)劃應(yīng)注重選線布局、溝渠材料、生態(tài)補(bǔ)償?shù)�；鄉(xiāng)村水域景觀規(guī)劃應(yīng)突出生態(tài)性和美學(xué)性,注重挖掘休閑價(jià)值；鄉(xiāng)村聚落景觀規(guī)劃應(yīng)注重聚落布局、建筑風(fēng)貌、聚落綠化等；鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀規(guī)劃應(yīng)注重對鄉(xiāng)村文化民俗的深入挖掘與保護(hù)。最后,將規(guī)劃模式應(yīng)用于研究區(qū)域的鄉(xiāng)村景觀規(guī)劃實(shí)踐,并將研究區(qū)域規(guī)劃為黑色作物區(qū)、精品苗木區(qū)、養(yǎng)生度假區(qū)、新村示范區(qū)、設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)、蔬菜生產(chǎn)區(qū)、水果采摘區(qū)、休閑垂釣區(qū)、濱河游憩區(qū)等九大功能區(qū),并進(jìn)行了具體的農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)與旅游規(guī)劃,為研究區(qū)域鄉(xiāng)村景觀未來的發(fā)展指明了方向。
[Abstract]:The eighteen major reports of the party will strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, put forward the development goal of "beautiful China" and realize the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. The rural landscape has an important ecological conservation function. "Beautiful countryside" is an important part of "beautiful China". With the rapid push of urbanization in China With the advent of China's leisure time and the rapid rise of rural tourism, the rural areas with good landscape resources will have a vigorous development period. In this context, the rural landscape planning is very important to the "beautiful countryside" which combines natural and humanistic. The purpose of this paper is to explore the pattern of rural landscape planning suitable for the characteristics of the southwest hilly area, and to select the village of Nancheng, Tongliang County, as a case study. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) the classification system of rural landscape in the southwest hilly area is analyzed. According to the theory and method of the related landscape classification, according to the scale, the comprehensive and the leading factors, the classification, the qualitative and quantitative combination, the requirements of the characteristics of the rural landscape resources are highlighted, and the relevant principles of the landscape ecology are combined, and the method of classification of functional forms is adopted. The rural landscape of southwest hilly area is divided into four classification systems of landscape, landscape, landscape and landscape. The landscape area refers to the rural landscape area in the southwest hilly area on the macro scale. The landscape is based on the interference of human activities to the landscape, including natural landscape, semi natural landscape and artificial landscape. The differences in landscape structure and function, combined with the characteristics of land use, further division of landscape. Natural landscapes include natural woodland landscape, natural water landscape, natural river landscape, natural grassland landscape, and so on; semi natural landscape, including farmland landscape, garden landscape, artificial woodland landscape, and so on; artificial landscape including settlement landscape, road landscape View, farmland water landscape, and so on. Landscape elements are further divided into the landscape units according to the most obvious characteristics of the land use, for example, farmland landscape including paddy field landscape, dryland landscape and so on.
(2) the basic characteristics of the rural landscape in the southwest hilly area are analyzed. The southwest hilly area has the characteristics of complex terrain and geomorphology, as well as the influence of traditional farming methods, rural settlement layout, cultural customs and other factors, forming a rural landscape with strong regional characteristics. Compared with the rural landscape in the plain area, the rural landscape in the hilly region of the southwest is of great importance. The landscape fragmentation is high, the landscape type is rich and diverse, the rural residential landscape is more scattered, the farmland landscape is not large, the terraced fields are not large, and the three-dimensional agricultural landscape of the "slope top woodland to the slope garden land slope bottom pond" is easily formed, and the cultural culvert of the landscape is rich and so on.
(3) the rural landscape evaluation model of southwest hilly area is constructed. The evaluation index system of rural landscape in southwest hilly area consists of 1 target layers, 5 project layers, 9 factor layers and 35 index layers, in which the project layer includes the functions of economy, society, ecology, aesthetics and culture in the southwest hilly area. Economic, social, ecological stability, landscape heterogeneity, nature, order, space, diversity, culture and so on. Through the standardization of evaluation indicators, and the entropy value method in the subjective empowerment method and the objective weighting method, the mean variance method is combined to determine the weight of the evaluation index, and the multi factor synthesis is applied. The evaluation model of rural landscape evaluation in the southwest hilly area was constructed by the multi objective linear weighted function method, and the evaluation model was applied to the rural landscape evaluation practice of 3 districts in Ma Tan Village. The evaluation results showed that from the factor layer analysis, the area 1 was sociality, ecological stability, landscape heterogeneity, nature, diversity and culture in the rural landscape. The area 2 is better in the economy and space of the rural landscape, and the division 3 is better in the order of the rural landscape. From the project layer analysis, the partition 1 is better in the ecological function of the rural landscape, the aesthetic function and the cultural function, the partition 2 is better in the economic function, and the 3 areas have little difference in the social function.
(4) the rural landscape planning model of southwest hilly area is constructed. On the basis of rural landscape resources survey and comprehensive evaluation, in view of the problems existing in the rural landscape, guided by the theory of landscape ecology, and under the guidance of the development of modern agriculture and rural tourism, the rural farmland landscape, woodland landscape and garden landscape in the southwest hilly region are constructed respectively. View, road landscape, ditch landscape, water landscape, settlement landscape, and cultural landscape planning mode. Rural farmland landscape planning should pay attention to farmland patch planning, farmland crop collocation, and so on. Rural woodland landscape planning should pay attention to the selection of tree species, should focus on economic forest crops, rural garden landscape planning should pay attention to site selection, tree selection selection. Selection, tree planting, recreation planning, and so on. Rural road landscape planning should pay attention to road grade division, road line selection, pavement material selection, ecological compensation and so on. Rural ditch landscape planning should pay attention to line selection, ditch materials, ecological compensation and so on. The landscape planning of rural waters should highlight ecological and aesthetic, pay attention to the excavation of leisure value. The rural settlement landscape planning should pay attention to the settlement layout, the architectural style and the settlement greening, and so on. The rural cultural landscape planning should pay attention to the deep excavation and protection of the rural cultural folklore. Finally, the planning model should be applied to the rural landscape planning practice in the study area, and the research area is planned as the black crop area, the fine seedling area and the health preservation degree. The false area, the new village demonstration area, the agricultural area of the facilities, the vegetable production area, the fruit picking area, the leisure fishing area, the riverside recreation area and so on, and the specific agricultural industry and tourism planning have been carried out, which pointed out the direction for the study of the future development of the regional rural landscape.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU982.29

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