發(fā)布時間：2018-06-09 23:23

  本文選題：自然通風(fēng)器 + 通風(fēng)換氣效果��； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來居住環(huán)境中室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)惡化事件不斷發(fā)生，損害人體健康。建筑自然通風(fēng)逐漸受到人們的重視。國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對各種形式的自然通風(fēng)已經(jīng)作了大量研究。自然通風(fēng)主要具有降溫排熱和通風(fēng)換氣兩個作用，分別借以改善室內(nèi)熱舒適和室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)狀況，是一種節(jié)能環(huán)保的通風(fēng)方式。利用自然通風(fēng)原理制成的自然通風(fēng)器可實現(xiàn)室內(nèi)通風(fēng)換氣，改善空氣品質(zhì)。這類自然通風(fēng)產(chǎn)品在住宅建筑中開始應(yīng)用起來。但由于自然通風(fēng)器的主要驅(qū)動力為熱壓和風(fēng)壓，作用力大小受到室外氣象條件的限制，同時學(xué)術(shù)界又缺少自然通風(fēng)器的實際使用效果的研究資料。故人們逐漸開始質(zhì)疑這類產(chǎn)品在實際使用中對室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)的改善效果。這也使得自然通風(fēng)器得不到有效地推廣。 本文利用計算流體力學(xué)軟件Fluent建立自然通風(fēng)模型，進行數(shù)值模擬計算。在計算過程中選取不同室內(nèi)外溫差、室外風(fēng)速等邊界條件，模擬得到了室內(nèi)濃度場分布和濃度隨時間的變化過程，以此來評判自然通風(fēng)器的通風(fēng)換氣效果。此后在重慶地區(qū)某住宅標準戶型內(nèi)建立了自然通風(fēng)實驗系統(tǒng)。實驗設(shè)置了室內(nèi)外6℃，8℃和10℃三種溫差下通風(fēng)器關(guān)閉，通風(fēng)器開啟、窗簾開啟以及通風(fēng)器開啟、窗簾關(guān)閉的9種工況，測試了室內(nèi)二氧化碳濃度變化情況。一方面測試結(jié)果與模擬結(jié)果進行對比分析，用以驗證模型；另一方面以二氧化碳濃度為指標進一步分析了通風(fēng)器對室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)的改善效果。根據(jù)室內(nèi)濃度變化，利用微環(huán)境質(zhì)量平衡公式計算并分析了不同工況下室內(nèi)的通風(fēng)換氣量，檢驗其是否能滿足現(xiàn)行規(guī)范要求。文章最后部分還對極大影響自然通風(fēng)器性能的室外風(fēng)壓因素進行了重點研究。本論文主要研究成果如下： 1）建立風(fēng)壓、熱壓自然通風(fēng)模型，利用Fluent軟件對不同工況下自然通風(fēng)器的換氣情況進行模擬分析，并得到室內(nèi)二氧化碳濃度場，室內(nèi)濃度變化隨時間變化等等模擬結(jié)果。模擬研究證明在熱壓作用和風(fēng)壓作用下，自然通風(fēng)器均能有效地排除室內(nèi)二氧化碳，改善空氣品質(zhì)。隨著熱壓力（溫差）和風(fēng)壓力（風(fēng)速）提高，通風(fēng)效果越來越好，并且風(fēng)壓的影響要大于熱壓。 2）根據(jù)實測房間內(nèi)二氧化碳濃度變化，繪制出不同熱壓、風(fēng)壓影響下，二氧化碳與時間的關(guān)系曲線，計算室內(nèi)的通風(fēng)量。從規(guī)范規(guī)定的室內(nèi)二氧化碳濃度標準值與通風(fēng)換氣量兩個指標來共同判斷通風(fēng)器的工作性能。研究結(jié)果表明在冬季采暖季節(jié)，8℃和10℃兩種溫差純熱壓作用下，，通風(fēng)器開啟、窗簾開啟或關(guān)閉狀態(tài)時，室內(nèi)二氧化碳濃度能得到有效的控制，房間通風(fēng)量滿足換氣要求。自然通風(fēng)器在改善室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)方面具有一定的實際效果。同時這種效果會隨著室外風(fēng)壓的加強能得到更好的改善。在夏季空調(diào)季節(jié)室外無風(fēng)工況下，10℃溫差條件時室內(nèi)二氧化碳濃度和房間通風(fēng)量基本滿足要求。 3）實驗過程中，通過開關(guān)窗簾的對比分析測試發(fā)現(xiàn)窗簾的阻礙對通風(fēng)器的換氣效果影響并不顯著。室內(nèi)外6℃溫差時，主臥室關(guān)閉窗簾后室內(nèi)CO2濃度僅上升了80ppm，通風(fēng)器通風(fēng)量下降了3.8m3/h。從另一個方面來說窗簾在夜間休息時才會關(guān)上，這時人們都處于睡眠休息狀態(tài)，新陳代謝作用下降，二氧化碳釋放量更低。因此拓展了自然通風(fēng)器在夜間的應(yīng)用范圍。 4）從實驗結(jié)果出發(fā)，研究了室外風(fēng)壓作用（類型、風(fēng)速和風(fēng)向）對室內(nèi)二氧化碳的的影響規(guī)律。各工況的室內(nèi)濃度穩(wěn)定值遵循持續(xù)風(fēng)陣風(fēng)無風(fēng)的規(guī)律，通風(fēng)量遵循持續(xù)風(fēng)陣風(fēng)無風(fēng)的規(guī)律。實驗結(jié)果表明只要室外存在持續(xù)風(fēng)作用（1m/s），即使風(fēng)向背對通風(fēng)器，室內(nèi)濃度和換氣次數(shù)分別滿足1000ppm的標準值和主臥室需求換氣1次/h的要求。由于室外風(fēng)壓的多變性與不可控，且往往熱壓和風(fēng)壓存在相互影響、相互促進的關(guān)系，風(fēng)壓對室內(nèi)二氧化碳濃度的影響研究必然需要大量的重復(fù)實驗以及多工況設(shè)置才能完善。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the deterioration of indoor air quality in the living environment has been constantly occurring, damaging human health. The natural ventilation of buildings has been gradually paid attention to. Scholars at home and abroad have done a great deal of research on various forms of natural ventilation. Natural ventilation mainly has two functions as cooling and ventilation and ventilation and ventilation to improve indoor thermal comfort respectively. And the indoor air quality is a kind of energy saving and environment-friendly ventilation mode. Natural ventilator made of natural ventilation can realize indoor ventilation and air quality and improve air quality. This kind of natural ventilation products begin to apply in residential buildings. But because the main driving force of natural ventilator is the hot pressure and wind pressure, the force size is large. Limited by outdoor weather conditions and lack of research materials on the actual use of natural ventilator in academia, people gradually began to question the improvement effect of these products on the indoor air quality in actual use.
In this paper, a natural ventilation model is established by using the software of computational fluid dynamics (Fluent). In the calculation process, the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor, outdoor wind speed and other boundary conditions are selected. The distribution of indoor concentration field and the change of concentration with time are simulated to judge the ventilation effect of the natural ventilator. The experimental system of natural ventilation was set up in a residential standard residence in Chongqing. The experiment set up 9 working conditions of the ventilator under 6, 8 and 10 degrees Celsius, 8 and 10 degrees temperature difference, the opening of the curtain, the opening of the blinds, the closing of the curtain, and the change of the carbon dioxide concentration in the room. The results are compared and analyzed to verify the model. On the other hand, the effect of air conditioner on indoor air quality is further analyzed with the concentration of carbon dioxide as the index. According to the change of indoor concentration, the ventilation rate of indoor air in different conditions is calculated and analyzed by using the formula of microenvironment quality balance, and it is tested whether it can meet the current rules. The last part of the article also focuses on outdoor wind pressure factors which greatly affect the performance of natural ventilator. The main research results in this paper are as follows:
1) establish the wind pressure, hot press natural ventilation model, use Fluent software to simulate and analyze the air change situation of natural ventilator under different working conditions, and get indoor carbon dioxide concentration field, indoor concentration change with time and so on simulation results. The simulation study proves that under the hot pressing and wind pressure, the natural ventilator can effectively row. In addition to indoor carbon dioxide, the air quality is improved. With the increase of the heat pressure (temperature difference) and the wind pressure (wind speed), the ventilation effect is getting better and better, and the effect of wind pressure is greater than that of the hot press.
2) according to the measured changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the room, the relationship curve of carbon dioxide and time under the influence of different hot pressure and wind pressure is drawn, and the ventilation volume in the room is calculated. The performance of the ventilator is judged by the standard value of indoor carbon dioxide concentration and the two indexes of ventilation and ventilation. The results show that the performance of the ventilator is used in winter. In warm season, under the effect of pure hot pressure of two kinds of temperature difference at 8 and 10 degrees, the indoor carbon dioxide concentration can be effectively controlled when the ventilator is opened, the curtain is opened or closed. The ventilation volume of the room meets the requirement of air exchange. In the summer air conditioning season, the indoor carbon dioxide concentration and room ventilation are basically satisfied when the temperature difference conditions are 10 degrees C in the summer air conditioning season.
3) during the experiment, through the contrast analysis and analysis of the switch curtains, it was found that the influence of the curtains to the ventilator was not significant. When the temperature difference between the main bedroom and the curtain was 6, the CO2 concentration of the main bedroom closed the curtain only increased by 80ppm, and the ventilation of the ventilator decreased by 3.8m3/h. in the other way the curtain would be closed at night rest. At this time, people are in a state of sleep and rest, and their metabolism is reduced, and the emission of carbon dioxide is lower. Therefore, the application of natural ventilator at night is expanded.
4) from the experimental results, the influence of outdoor air pressure (type, wind speed and wind direction) on indoor carbon dioxide is studied. The indoor concentration stability value of each working condition follows the law of continuous wind gust without wind, and the ventilation volume follows the law of continuous wind gust without wind. The experimental results show that there is a continuous wind (1m/s), even wind in outdoor air. At the back to the ventilator, the indoor concentration and air change times meet the standard value of 1000ppm and the requirement of 1 times /h in the main bedroom demand. Because of the variability and uncontrollability of the outdoor air pressure, and the mutual influence and the mutual promotion of the hot pressure and wind pressure, the study of the influence of the wind pressure on the concentration of the indoor two oxygen carbon is bound to need a great deal of weight. The complex experiment and the setting of multiple working conditions can be perfected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU834

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