本文選題：巖石破裂 + 數(shù)字化次聲波探測儀　； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著人類社會的不斷進步和工程建設(shè)的不斷拓展，地質(zhì)環(huán)境受到的擾動不斷加大，同時由于全球極端氣候等因素急劇變換的影響，全球范圍內(nèi)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的發(fā)生越來越頻繁，對人類的生命財產(chǎn)安全造成越來越大的威脅和損失。尤其在我國近些年發(fā)生的如5.12汶川地震、4.20蘆山地震多次強震作用下山體崩裂、河川易道，造成區(qū)域地質(zhì)環(huán)境變得更加復(fù)雜與惡化，導(dǎo)致崩滑、泥石流等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害年年來襲。由于巖石材料的脆性特征，宏觀的變形破壞往往是非常短暫的過程，使得滑坡或崩塌災(zāi)害往往具有很強的突發(fā)性、隱蔽性和災(zāi)難性。巖質(zhì)崩滑災(zāi)害是巖石破裂動態(tài)過程的累計(累積)效應(yīng)，因此開展探測巖石破裂過程中伴隨的物理現(xiàn)象并究其特征而間接獲取災(zāi)害過程信息特征的工作是對此類災(zāi)害可監(jiān)測預(yù)警的基礎(chǔ)研究，是值得探索的科學(xué)問題。 論文以國家重點基礎(chǔ)研究計劃項目973課題“西部山區(qū)大型滑坡致災(zāi)因子識別、前兆信息獲取與預(yù)警方法研究（項目編號：2013CB733200）”為依托，以交叉學(xué)科體系為理論基礎(chǔ)，解決了次聲探測與分析的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題，展開了對室內(nèi)巖石破裂、地殼巖層斷裂（地震）及野外巖崩過程的次聲波探測、識別與分析的一系列探索性研究。主要研究內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新性研究成果體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面： （1）自主研發(fā)了數(shù)字化次聲波探測儀器系統(tǒng)，建立了次聲波信息探測技術(shù)與分析方法體系。論文以電子學(xué)、嵌入式系統(tǒng)與結(jié)構(gòu)、軟件科學(xué)以及巖石力學(xué)等多學(xué)科交叉為理論體系基礎(chǔ)，詳細(xì)闡述了系統(tǒng)研發(fā)的方案構(gòu)架和具體實施步驟，為室內(nèi)或現(xiàn)場的次聲波自動化探測提供了有力的科研探測裝備。針對次聲波信號的特點，論文也詳細(xì)闡述了次聲波信息處理分析方法，開發(fā)了基于MATLAB的GUI處理分析軟件，實現(xiàn)了對次聲探測儀器探測到的次聲波數(shù)據(jù)的分析、識別和特征提取方法研究。 （2）室內(nèi)典型巖石破裂產(chǎn)生次聲探測與信息特征試驗研究。論文對六類典型巖石試樣進行了單軸加載基礎(chǔ)試驗，通過數(shù)字化次聲探測儀器對加載全過程的巖石破裂次聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象進行了自動探測，并對探測到的次聲波數(shù)據(jù)進行處理、識別與分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)了巖石破裂過程產(chǎn)生次聲波的物理現(xiàn)象，揭示了巖石破裂發(fā)生次聲信號的頻譜特征，建立了次聲波發(fā)射與巖石巖性的定性關(guān)系，為巖質(zhì)滑坡次聲特征研究建立了技術(shù)方法基礎(chǔ)。 （3）地震產(chǎn)生次聲波探測方法與信息特征研究。該研究通過數(shù)字化次聲波探測儀器監(jiān)測到并完整記錄了2013年4月20日發(fā)生于四川雅安蘆山的Ms7.0級地震及隨后多次余震的地震次聲波。作者逐一識別并提取了地震次聲波事件信號，詳細(xì)研究了震中次聲波和本地次聲波的時間域與頻率域的分布特征及差異，，對地震次聲波的產(chǎn)生機理進行了詳細(xì)探討，基于數(shù)理統(tǒng)計分析方法建立了蘆山地震震級與次聲信號間的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系模型，揭示了次聲波是地震能量在空氣中傳播時所產(chǎn)生。 （4）巖崩產(chǎn)生次聲波探測方法與信息特征研究。該研究采用數(shù)字化次聲波探測儀器對四川安縣大光包滑坡北側(cè)拉裂壁邊界的小規(guī)模崩塌事件進行了長時連續(xù)監(jiān)測，并對現(xiàn)場情況進行了人工同步觀測，通過對所監(jiān)測到的聲波數(shù)據(jù)與所觀測到的物理現(xiàn)象進行匹配、對比和分析分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：①崩塌災(zāi)害能產(chǎn)生特定的次聲波信號；②崩塌災(zāi)害中主要是由于大型巖塊與地面的相互運動，包括撞擊、摩擦等產(chǎn)生次聲波信號，且這些信號具有一定時頻域分布特征；③雷電、大風(fēng)等自然現(xiàn)象也能產(chǎn)生具備巨大能量的次聲波信號。數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果說明了巖崩地質(zhì)災(zāi)害具有明顯的次聲波發(fā)射現(xiàn)象，能為該類災(zāi)害的監(jiān)測預(yù)警奠定理論基礎(chǔ)和提供技術(shù)參考。 論文從室內(nèi)到野外、從微觀到宏觀對巖石破裂過程產(chǎn)生的次聲波信息進行了較為細(xì)致的探索性科學(xué)研究，研究結(jié)果證明了巖石破裂能產(chǎn)生具有特定規(guī)律的次聲波發(fā)射的物理現(xiàn)象，為將來對巖質(zhì)災(zāi)害的動態(tài)演變過程的多元化監(jiān)測預(yù)警技術(shù)的發(fā)展奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)，提供了技術(shù)參考，具有重要的科學(xué)研究價值。
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of the human society and the continuous expansion of the engineering construction, the disturbance of the geological environment is increasing. At the same time, the global geological disaster is becoming more and more frequent because of the dramatic change of the global extreme climate and other factors. It has caused more and more threats and losses to the safety of human life and property, especially in China. In recent years, such as the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, the 4.20 Lushan earthquake caused the collapse of the mountains and the river channel, which caused the regional geological environment to become more complicated and deteriorated, resulting in the years of geological disasters such as landslide and debris flow. Because of the brittle characteristics of rock materials, the macroscopic deformation and destruction are often very short process, making slippery and slippery. Slope or collapse disasters often have very strong abrupt, concealment and catastrophe. Rock landslide is the cumulative effect of the dynamic process of rock fracture. Therefore, the work of detecting the physical phenomena accompanied by the rock fracture process and investigating the characteristics of the disaster process indirectly is the monitoring and early warning for such disasters. Basic research is a scientific problem worth exploring.
The paper, based on the 973 subject of the national key basic research project, "the identification of large landslides in the western mountain area, the study of the precursor information acquisition and early warning method (project number: 2013CB733200)", has solved the key technical problems of the infrasound detection and analysis with the theoretical basis of the cross discipline system, and unfolded the rock breaking in the interior. A series of exploratory studies on the sonic detection, identification and analysis of the fracture (earthquake) and the field rock avalanche. The main research content and the innovative research results are reflected in the following aspects:
(1) the digital infrasound detection instrument system is independently developed, and the infrasonic information detection technology and analysis method system is set up. The thesis is based on the theory system base of electronics, embedded system and structure, software science and rock mechanics, and expounds the scheme framework and concrete implementation steps of the system research and development. The automatic sounding of infrasonic waves inside or on the spot provides powerful scientific research equipment. According to the characteristics of infrasonic signals, the paper also expounds the analysis method of infrasonic information processing, and develops the GUI processing and analysis software based on MATLAB, which realizes the analysis, recognition and feature extraction of infrasonic sonic data detected by the infrasound detection instrument. Method study.
(2) experimental study on the infrasonic detection and information characteristics of typical rock fracture in the room. The paper carried out a single axis loading test on six typical rock specimens. Through the digital infrasound detector, the infrasonic emission phenomenon of rock rupture was detected automatically in the whole process of loading, and the detected infrasonic data were processed and identified. The physical phenomena of infrasonic wave are found in the process of rock fracture, and the spectral characteristics of infrasonic signals are revealed. The qualitative relationship between the infrasonic wave emission and rock lithology is established, and the technical method foundation is established for the study of the infrasonic characteristics of the rock landslides.
(3) research on the detection method and information characteristics of the infrasonic waves produced by the earthquake. The study monitored and recorded the Ms7.0 earthquake and the subsequent multiple aftershocks in Lushan, Ya'an, Sichuan by the digital infrasound detection instrument. The author identified and extracted the signal of the seismic infrasonic events one by one, detailed research The distribution characteristics and differences of the time and frequency domains of the epicentral infrasound and the local infrasound are investigated, and the mechanism of the seismic subacoustic waves is discussed in detail. Based on the mathematical statistical analysis, a mathematical relationship model between the Lushan earthquake magnitude and the infrasound signal is established, and the infrasonic wave is revealed when the seismic energy is transmitted in the air. Produce.
(4) the study of the sonic detection method and information characteristics of the rock avalanche. This study uses the digital infrasonic sounding instrument to monitor the small scale collapse event of the north side of the great Guang Bao landslide in Sichuan county. The physical phenomena were matched, and the comparison and analysis showed that: (1) the collapse disaster can produce specific infrasonic signals; (2) the collapse disaster is mainly due to the interaction between large rocks and the ground, including the impact, friction and other infrasonic signals, and these signals have a certain time frequency distribution characteristics; third, lightning, wind and so on. Natural phenomena can also produce infrasonic signals with great energy. The results of data analysis show that the rock avalanche geological disasters have obvious infrasonic emission phenomena, which can lay a theoretical foundation for the monitoring and early warning of such disasters and provide technical reference.
In this paper, from the indoor to the field, from the microcosmic to the macroscopic, the infrasonic information produced by the rock rupture process has been studied carefully and scientifically. The result of the study proves that the rock rupture can produce the physical phenomena of the infrasonic wave emission with certain laws, and the multiple monitoring and early warning for the dynamic evolution process of the rock disaster in the future. The development of technology has laid a theoretical foundation, provided technical reference and has important scientific research value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU45

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：1997623