本文選題：高層建筑 + 火災(zāi)場景��； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，城市人口持續(xù)增多，高層建筑逐漸成為現(xiàn)代建筑發(fā)展的主流。由于高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)、使用功能等方面的特殊性，致使其發(fā)生火災(zāi)時具有不同于其他火災(zāi)形式的特點(diǎn)，完全采用傳統(tǒng)的防火設(shè)計方法已經(jīng)不能滿足此類建筑的防火需求，性能化防火方法得到了快速發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。設(shè)置火災(zāi)場景是開展性能化防火設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)環(huán)節(jié)，也是分析火災(zāi)煙氣流動規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)。設(shè)置的火災(zāi)場景能否真實(shí)反映建筑火災(zāi)的危險性，直接影響到性能化防火設(shè)計的可靠性。因此，深入研究高層建筑火災(zāi)場景設(shè)置中的相關(guān)問題具有一定的理論意義和實(shí)用價值。 課題來源于公安部重點(diǎn)研究計劃項(xiàng)目“高層建筑火災(zāi)場景設(shè)計與滅火救援技戰(zhàn)術(shù)研究”，采用理論分析、實(shí)體實(shí)驗(yàn)、FDS數(shù)值模擬三種研究方法相結(jié)合，分別對高層辦公建筑、高層賓館建筑、大型商場等三種典型建筑的火災(zāi)場景設(shè)置的相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了深入探討。主要工作及研究成果如下： ①分析了火災(zāi)場景設(shè)置的相關(guān)理論，指出設(shè)置火災(zāi)場景的核心問題是設(shè)計火災(zāi)曲線；系統(tǒng)地闡述了熱釋放速率的確定方法及其特點(diǎn)；針對火災(zāi)蔓延問題，提出了可行的研究方法；基于火災(zāi)場景與人員疏散仿真一體化的思想，構(gòu)建了建筑火災(zāi)仿真程序框架，并初步完成了程序整體框架的開發(fā)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了部分計算功能。 ②基于高層建筑火災(zāi)荷載的實(shí)地調(diào)研，分析了高層辦公建筑、高層賓館建筑、大型商場等三種典型建筑的火災(zāi)場景設(shè)置，確定了不同功能房間的火災(zāi)增長類型，最大熱釋放速率，以及火災(zāi)持續(xù)時間等相關(guān)參數(shù)，并以最不利情況為原則，確定了最危險的火災(zāi)場景，得出了合理的熱釋放速率變化曲線。 ③根據(jù)調(diào)研及理論分析結(jié)果，設(shè)計并開展了辦公房間、賓館客房以及服裝商鋪的全尺寸實(shí)體火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)觀測了火災(zāi)的發(fā)展蔓延過程，得到了一系列時間、溫度數(shù)據(jù)以及火災(zāi)圖像，錄像等資料，完整地描述了三種實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下的火災(zāi)蔓延過程，為后續(xù)的研究提供了寶貴的基礎(chǔ)資料。利用FDS軟件分別對三種實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境的火災(zāi)蔓延過程進(jìn)行了模擬研究，結(jié)果表明，F(xiàn)DS模擬的火災(zāi)蔓延方向、溫度變化趨勢以及最高溫度與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本一致，從而驗(yàn)證了在正確設(shè)置邊界條件的基礎(chǔ)上，，可用FDS軟件模擬這三種場合的火災(zāi)蔓延問題。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, urban population continues to increase, high-rise buildings gradually become the mainstream of the development of modern architecture. Because of the particularity of high-rise building structure and function, it is different from other fire forms when fire occurs, so the traditional fire prevention design method can not meet the fire protection needs of this kind of building. The performance fire prevention method has been rapidly developed and applied. Setting fire scene is not only the basic link to develop performance-based fire prevention design, but also the basis of analyzing fire smoke flow law. Whether the fire scene can truly reflect the danger of building fire directly affects the reliability of performance-based fire prevention design. Therefore, it is of certain theoretical significance and practical value to deeply study the relevant problems in the fire scene setting of high-rise building. The subject comes from the key research project of the Ministry of Public Security, "the study on the Design of Fire scene and the techniques and tactics of Fire fighting and Rescue in High-rise Building". Based on the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation of FDS, the problems related to fire scene setting of three typical buildings, such as high-rise office buildings, high-rise hotel buildings and large shopping malls, are discussed in depth. The main work and research results are as follows: 1 the related theory of setting fire scene is analyzed, the core problem of setting fire scene is to design fire curve, the method of determining heat release rate and its characteristics are expounded systematically. Based on the idea of integration of fire scene and evacuation simulation, the building fire simulation program framework is constructed, and the development of the whole program framework is preliminarily completed. Based on the field investigation of fire load of high-rise buildings, the fire scene settings of three typical buildings, such as high-rise office buildings, high-rise hotel buildings and large shopping malls, are analyzed. Related parameters such as fire growth type, maximum heat release rate and fire duration of different functional rooms are determined, and the most dangerous fire scenarios are determined based on the principle of the most adverse situation. According to the results of investigation and theoretical analysis, the full-scale solid fire experiments of office rooms, hotel rooms and clothing shops are designed and carried out, and the development and spread of the fire are observed experimentally. A series of time, temperature data, fire image and video data are obtained, and the fire spreading process under three experimental conditions is described completely, which provides valuable basic data for further research. Using FDS software to simulate the fire spread process in three experimental environments, the results show that the direction of fire spread, the trend of temperature change and the maximum temperature are basically consistent with the experimental results. Based on the correct setting of boundary conditions, FDS software can be used to simulate the fire spread problem in these three situations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU972.4;TU998.1

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