本文選題：城市 + 公共空間��； 參考：《中南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市公共空間是居民開(kāi)展室外活動(dòng)的重要場(chǎng)所。隨著城市用地日趨緊張,如何提高城市公共空間的利用率,已成為各地政府和居民關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。影響其利用率的關(guān)鍵因素是城市公共空間的熱舒適性,而熱舒適程度則主要取決于所處的熱環(huán)境。因此,開(kāi)展城市公共空間熱環(huán)境及舒適性的研究對(duì)于建設(shè)高品質(zhì)的公共空間具有重要意義。 夏熱冬冷地區(qū)城市公共空間的熱環(huán)境全年變化明顯,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致人體熱舒適變化較大。本文以長(zhǎng)沙市(夏熱冬冷地區(qū))為例,根據(jù)公共空間物理結(jié)構(gòu)的差異,選取典型城市公共空間(公園、街道、廣場(chǎng)、校園)進(jìn)行全年熱環(huán)境測(cè)量和熱舒適問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。結(jié)合測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)和問(wèn)卷調(diào)查結(jié)果,采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析方法處理數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行公共空間熱環(huán)境及熱舒適研究。 研究首先對(duì)影響人體熱舒適的四個(gè)重要熱環(huán)境參數(shù)(空氣溫度、相對(duì)濕度、黑球溫度和風(fēng)速)進(jìn)行分析,得到公共空間熱環(huán)境的季節(jié)特征,并解釋了引起熱環(huán)境特征差異的原因。其次分析了不同物理結(jié)構(gòu)(植被、水體、下墊面材質(zhì)等)對(duì)公共空間局部熱環(huán)境的影響規(guī)律。最后將熱環(huán)境與人體熱舒適相結(jié)合,分析公共空間熱環(huán)境對(duì)熱舒適分布特征的影響,討論影響熱舒適的主要因素空氣溫度與熱感覺(jué)的關(guān)系,并利用physiological equivalent temperature(PET)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)作為生理依據(jù),獲得不同公共空間的中性PET值。 研究結(jié)果表明：不同公共空間的熱環(huán)境存在較為明顯的差異；綠化對(duì)局部熱環(huán)境具有顯著影響,一方面降低周?chē)鷾囟仍黾訚穸?另一方面樹(shù)木阻隔氣流,降低風(fēng)速,遮陰作用又顯著降低太陽(yáng)輻射強(qiáng)度；水體具有降溫加濕的作用,下墊面材質(zhì)類(lèi)型對(duì)濕度有顯著影響；室外人體熱感覺(jué)受熱環(huán)境影響較大,公共空間熱環(huán)境特征的差異導(dǎo)致熱感覺(jué)投票差異明顯；公共空間熱環(huán)境的差異導(dǎo)致中性空氣溫度差異明顯,不同季節(jié)各測(cè)點(diǎn)的中性PET也存在差異。 論文研究表明城市公共空間的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)針對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)刈匀粴夂蛱卣?利用合適的物理結(jié)構(gòu)因素(植物、水體、建筑等),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)公共空間局部熱環(huán)境的合理調(diào)節(jié)。
[Abstract]:Urban public space is an important place for residents to carry out outdoor activities. With the increasing shortage of urban land use, how to improve the utilization rate of urban public space has become the focus of attention of local governments and residents. The key factor affecting the utilization rate is the thermal comfort of the urban public space, and the thermal comfort degree mainly depends on the thermal environment in which it is located. Therefore, the research on thermal environment and comfort of urban public space is of great significance to the construction of high quality public space. The thermal environment of urban public space in hot summer and cold winter area changes obviously throughout the year, which leads to great changes in thermal comfort of human body. Taking Changsha city (hot summer and cold winter area) as an example, according to the difference of physical structure of public space, this paper selects typical urban public space (park, street, square, campus) to conduct annual thermal environment measurement and thermal comfort questionnaire. Based on the survey data and questionnaire results, the thermal environment and thermal comfort of public space were studied by means of statistical analysis. Firstly, four important thermal environment parameters (air temperature, relative humidity, black sphere temperature and wind speed) that affect the thermal comfort of human body are analyzed, and the seasonal characteristics of thermal environment in public space are obtained. The reasons for the difference of thermal environmental characteristics are also explained. Secondly, the influence of different physical structures (vegetation, water body, underlying surface material, etc.) on the local thermal environment of public space is analyzed. Finally, by combining thermal environment with thermal comfort of human body, the influence of thermal environment in public space on thermal comfort distribution is analyzed, and the relationship between air temperature and thermal sensation, which is the main factor influencing thermal comfort, is discussed. The neutral PET values of different public spaces were obtained by using the physiological equivalent temperature index as physiological basis. The results show that there are obvious differences in the thermal environment between different public spaces, and greening has a significant effect on the local thermal environment. On the one hand, it reduces the ambient temperature and increases the humidity, on the other hand, the trees block the air flow and reduce the wind speed. The shading effect also significantly reduced the solar radiation intensity; the water body had the effect of cooling and humidifying, and the material type of the underlying surface had a significant effect on the humidity; the outdoor human body thermal feeling was greatly affected by the heat environment. The difference of thermal environment in public space leads to the difference of thermal sensation voting, and the difference of thermal environment in public space leads to the difference of neutral air temperature, and the difference of neutral PET in different seasons. The research shows that the design of urban public space should be based on the local natural climate characteristics, and make use of the appropriate physical structure factors (plants, water bodies, buildings, etc.) to realize the rational adjustment of local thermal environment of public space.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU111

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本文編號(hào)：1984930