本文選題：金屬離子 + 消毒副產(chǎn)物　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：飲用水氯化消毒副產(chǎn)物的控制問題一直是水處理領(lǐng)域的研究熱點之一。大量的實驗證明，金屬離子會在氯消毒劑與天然有機物(NOM)發(fā)生反應(yīng)過程中起到一定的作用，從而影響DBPs的生成和分布規(guī)律，同時也會對消毒劑的消耗減少過程產(chǎn)生影響。在給水管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中，金屬管道的腐蝕及金屬管道管壁中的沉積物大量的向飲用水中溶解，這樣會增加飲用水中常存在的Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+、Al3+、Fe2+、Mn2+等金屬元素，其中，鈣、鎂元素含量在幾十毫克/升的水平，而鐵元素含量最高也可達(dá)十毫克/升，鋁元素的含量也能達(dá)到較高水平。除此之外，由于工農(nóng)業(yè)廢水向水環(huán)境中排放，這樣會使河底含有大量的金屬化合物并且可以釋放到水體內(nèi)；不僅如此，而且水處理過程中大量使用含鋁、含鐵混凝劑，也會使處理的飲用水中的常存在金屬離子含量增加，，這樣會對最后消毒過程中消毒副產(chǎn)物的生成產(chǎn)生影響。所以，研究加入金屬離子在氯化消毒過程中對消毒副產(chǎn)物生成規(guī)律的影響，將有利于了解金屬離子在飲用水系統(tǒng)中的安全風(fēng)險，對于保障飲用水安全和飲用水消毒副產(chǎn)物生成的控制都具有重要的意義。 本文針對液氯消毒這一傳統(tǒng)工藝,采用GC-EDC詳細(xì)分析三氯甲烷(TCM)、三氯硝基甲烷（TCNM）、一溴二氯甲烷（BDCM）、一氯二溴甲烷（DBCM）、三溴甲烷（TBM）、二氯乙醛（DCA）、三氯乙醛（CH）、二氯乙腈（DCAN）、一溴一氯乙腈（BCAN）、二溴乙腈（DBAN）、三氯乙腈（TCAN）、二氯丙酮（DCP）、三氯丙酮（TCP）共13種揮發(fā)性消毒副產(chǎn)物，以及一氯乙酸（MCAA）、二氯乙酸（DCAA）、三氯乙酸（TCAA）、一溴乙酸（MBAA）、溴氯乙酸（BCAA）、二溴乙酸（DBAA）、一溴二氯乙酸（BDCAA）、一氯二溴乙酸（CDBAA）、三溴乙酸（TBAA）共9種非揮發(fā)性消毒副產(chǎn)物。通過對常價金屬離子和變價金屬離子的對比，以及對消毒副產(chǎn)物生成的影響機制研究，探討金屬離子在氯消毒過程中飲用水的安全性。 本實驗研究中主要選擇水中常見的金屬離子和價態(tài)具有特殊性質(zhì)的金屬離子，此次研究的金屬離子包括：Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+、Ba2+、Al3+、Mn2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Cu+等，這些金屬離子對消毒副產(chǎn)物有一定的抑制或者促進(jìn)的作用。通過篩選NOM作為氯化的對象，研究消毒副產(chǎn)物THMs和HAAs的變化，進(jìn)行試驗，后續(xù)得到數(shù)據(jù)，并對數(shù)據(jù)整理，分析氯化后各種消毒副產(chǎn)物的分布變化規(guī)律，并結(jié)合消毒副產(chǎn)物生成機制，對影響氯化消毒副產(chǎn)物生成的因素進(jìn)行研究。 通過對常價金屬離子的研究，得出Mg2+、Ca2+對氯化消毒副產(chǎn)物的生成有一定的抑制作用。Ba2+和Zn2+對揮發(fā)性消毒副產(chǎn)物生成有一定的促進(jìn)作用，而Al3+對揮發(fā)性消毒副產(chǎn)物基本沒有影響，Ba2+、Zn2+、Al3+對非揮發(fā)性消毒副產(chǎn)物均有一定的促進(jìn)作用。 通過對變價金屬離子的研究，得出變價金屬離子對非揮發(fā)性的消毒副產(chǎn)物以及揮發(fā)性的消毒副產(chǎn)物均有一定的影響，其中Mn2+對三氯乙醛的影響最為大，只要有錳離子存在三氯乙醛的濃度就會從27μg/L增加為58μg/L，濃度變化為原來的2倍。而Cu2+對揮發(fā)性消毒副產(chǎn)物的促進(jìn)作用最大，隨著Cu2+濃度的增加，TCM和CH的濃度分別由150μg/L和27μg/L變?yōu)?55μg/L和120μg/L。 當(dāng)有Mn2+和Cu2+存在時，隨著pH的增高，消毒副產(chǎn)物的含量不斷的減少，原因可能是由于脫鹵的作用。而兩者產(chǎn)生的氧化體系，在30min之內(nèi)，不能對對氯苯甲酸（pCBA）和苯甲酸（BA）降解，由此可以得出其中起作用的可能是金屬離子的不同價態(tài)以及不同的形態(tài)如氧化物形態(tài)。而金屬離子與氯形成的氧化體系中，錳離子與氯形成的氧化體系對含藻水預(yù)氧化后，進(jìn)行氯化實驗生成的氯化消毒副產(chǎn)物的含量最低。
[Abstract]:The control of chlorinated disinfection by-products in drinking water has been one of the hot topics in the field of water treatment. A large number of experiments have proved that metal ions play a role in the reaction process of chlorine disinfectant and natural organic matter (NOM), thus affecting the generation and distribution of DBPs and the reduction of the consumption of disinfectants. In the water supply network system, corrosion of metal pipes and a large amount of sediment in the pipe wall of metal pipes dissolve in drinking water. This will increase the metal elements such as Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Fe2+, Mn2+, which often exist in drinking water, of which the content of calcium and magnesium is at the level of tens milligram / liter, and the highest content of iron can be up to ten In addition to the discharge of industrial and agricultural wastewater into the water environment, it will make the bottom of the river contain a large amount of metal compounds and can be released into the water body. Not only that, but also the use of aluminum and iron coagulants in the process of water treatment also makes the treatment of drinking water regular. There is an increase in the content of metal ions, which will affect the production of disinfection by-products during the final disinfection process. Therefore, it will be beneficial to understand the safety risk of metal ions in the drinking water system and to ensure the safety and drinking of drinking water in the process of chlorination. The control of water disinfection by-products is of great significance.
Aiming at the traditional process of liquid chlorine disinfection, this paper uses GC-EDC to analyze the trichloromethane (TCM), three chloro nitromethane (TCNM), mono bromo dichloromethane (BDCM), dichloromethane (DBCM), three bromo methane (TBM), two chloral acetaldehyde (DCA), three chloral acetaldehyde (CH), two chloro acetonitrile (DCAN), mono bromination acetonitrile (BCAN), dichbrocyanonitrile (DBAN), three chloronitrile (TCAN), two). Chloroacetone (DCP), three Chloroacetone (TCP), 13 kinds of volatile disinfection by-products, as well as two chloroacetic acid (MCAA), two chloroacetic acid (DCAA), three chloroacetic acid (MBAA), bromo chloroacetic acid (BCAA), mono bromoacetic acid (DBAA), mono bromo two chloroacetic acid (BDCAA), monchloroacetic acid (CDBAA), three bromoacetic acid (TBAA), a total of 9 non volatile disinfection by-products. The comparison of the normal metal ions with the variable valence metal ions and the mechanism of the effect on the formation of the disinfection by-products are studied, and the safety of the drinking water in the process of chlorine disinfection is discussed.
In this study, metal ions and metal ions with special properties are selected mainly in the water. The metal ions of this study include: Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Ba2+, Al3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Cu+, etc. these metal ions have a certain inhibition or promotion effect on the disinfection by-products. The changes in the disinfection by-products THMs and HAAs were studied, the data were carried out and the data were obtained. The distribution and variation of various disinfection by-products after chlorination were analyzed, and the formation mechanism of disinfection by-products was combined to study the factors affecting the formation of chlorinated disinfection by-products.
Through the study of the normal metal ions, it is concluded that Mg2+ and Ca2+ have certain inhibitory effects on the production of chlorination by-products,.Ba2+ and Zn2+ have certain promoting effect on the generation of volatile disinfection by-products, while Al3+ has no effect on the volatile disinfection by-products. Ba2+, Zn2+, and Al3+ have a certain promotion on non volatile disinfection by-products. Effect.
Through the study of the valence metal ions, it is concluded that the variable valence metal ions have a certain influence on the non volatile disinfection by-products and the volatile disinfection by-products, in which Mn2+ has the greatest influence on the three chloral aldehyde, as long as the concentration of three chloral aldehyde with manganese ions will increase from 27 to 58 mu g/L, and the concentration change is 2 times that of the original. And Cu2+ had the greatest promotion effect on the volatile disinfection by-products. With the increase of Cu2+ concentration, the concentration of TCM and CH changed from 150 to 255 to 255 mu g/L and 120 mu g/L., respectively.
When Mn2+ and Cu2+ exist, the content of disinfection by-products decreases with the increase of pH, which may be due to dehalogeny, and the oxidation system produced by both can not degrade chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA) and benzoic acid (BA) within 30min, which may result in the possible different valence states of metal ions. In the oxidation system formed by metal ions and chlorine, the content of chlorinated disinfection by-products produced by chlorination experiments is the lowest in the oxidation system formed by manganese ions and chlorine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU991.25

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