本文選題：混凝 + 聚合氯化鋁��； 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：水源地藻華爆發(fā)對水處理工藝產(chǎn)生了巨大挑戰(zhàn)，水源中的藻類能引起水中濁度、溶解氧、pH、嗅味等的變化，并產(chǎn)生藻毒素，形成消毒副產(chǎn)物，對水質(zhì)產(chǎn)生不利影響，威脅到飲用水安全。因此，亟須尋求一種高效、安全的去除水源中藻類的方法。水中的藻細(xì)胞因其比重小，Zeta電位高，穩(wěn)定性較高，傳統(tǒng)處理工藝很難達(dá)到理想的去除效果。藻細(xì)胞帶負(fù)電荷，聚合氯化鋁（PAC）為陽離子型聚電解質(zhì)混凝劑，，混凝過程中可與藻細(xì)胞發(fā)生電中和，吸附橋聯(lián)或網(wǎng)捕卷掃作用，輔以助凝劑粘土礦物，可望使其高效沉降去除。 本實驗以原水中常見的銅綠微囊藻為研究對象，考察了PAC以及聯(lián)合硅藻土強化混凝去除銅綠微囊藻的效果。探討了PAC和硅藻土的投加量、溶液pH值、天然有機物腐植酸(HA)、表面活性劑、陰離子以及重金屬離子對藻和濁度去除的影響，從絮體性質(zhì)的角度分析其除藻性能，并用zeta電位分析方法對混凝劑的靜電中和能力進行表征。主要研究表明： （1）PAC能有效去除水中的銅綠微囊藻；PAC混凝除藻的最佳pH值大約為7.00~8.00；KMnO4預(yù)氧化可提升混凝除藻效果，但用量大于1.0mg/L或預(yù)氧化時間超過10min時，反而會使水質(zhì)惡化；超過0.5mg/L的HA會顯著影響Zeta電位，嚴(yán)重抑制絮凝過程；一定濃度的陽離子表面活性劑CTMAB可促進混凝除藻；H--2PO4和Cl以及高濃度的SO2-4均會干擾PAC除藻，且影響絮體的迅速形成；而陰離子表面活性劑SDS、陰離子NO-2+3以及重金屬離子Cd2+和Pb對PAC混凝除藻的總體影響不大。 （2）粘土礦物能促進銅綠微囊藻的混凝去除。硅藻土的投加對于PAC混凝除藻具有優(yōu)越的助凝效果，可顯著提高銅綠微囊藻的混凝去除效果，同時可節(jié)省約50%的PAC投加量。硅藻土聯(lián)合PAC強化混凝，比較經(jīng)濟的復(fù)合配比是6.0mg/LPAC+30.0mg/L硅藻土，此時葉綠素a(Chl-a)去除率可達(dá)96.06%，剩余濁度降至0.89NTU。 （3）考察pH值、HA、CTMAB、共存陰離子SO2-4、H-2PO4和Cl-等因素對聯(lián)合硅藻土與PAC強化混凝去除銅綠微囊藻的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，強化混凝聯(lián)合工藝對這些影響因素敏感性較��；硅藻土的加入，在一定程度上緩解了HA、CTMAB、共存陰離子SO2--4、H2PO4和Cl-等因素對混凝除藻的負(fù)面作用，體現(xiàn)了優(yōu)越的除藻性能。
[Abstract]:The outbreak of algal blooms in water source places a great challenge to the water treatment process. Algae in water source can cause changes in turbidity, pH of dissolved oxygen, smell, etc., and produce algal toxins, form disinfection by-products, and have adverse effects on water quality. It threatens the safety of drinking water. Therefore, it is urgent to find an efficient and safe way to remove algae from water. Because of the high Zeta potential and high stability of algal cells in water, it is difficult to achieve ideal removal effect by traditional treatment technology. Algal cells with negative charge, polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as cationic polyelectrolyte coagulant, can be electroneutralized with algal cells during coagulation, adsorption bridging or net trapping, assisted by coagulant clay minerals, which is expected to make its high efficiency sedimentation removal. The effect of PAC and diatomite enhanced coagulation on removal of microcystis aeruginosa from raw water was investigated. The effects of dosage of PAC and diatomite, pH value of solution, humic acid, surfactant, anions and heavy metal ions on algae and turbidity removal were discussed. The electrostatic neutralization ability of coagulant was characterized by zeta potential analysis. Major studies indicate that: The best pH value of PAC can effectively remove microcystis aeruginosa from water. The best pH value is about 7.00 ~ 8.00% KMnO _ 4 preoxidation can improve the effect of coagulation removal, but when the dosage is more than 1.0mg/L or the pre-oxidation time is longer than 10min, the water quality will deteriorate. The HA over 0.5mg/L significantly affected the Zeta potential and seriously inhibited the flocculation process, and a certain concentration of cationic surfactant CTMAB could promote the coagulation removal of algal h-2 PO4 and Cl, as well as the high concentration of SO2-4, which would interfere with the algal removal of PAC and affect the rapid formation of flocs. However, anionic surfactants, anionic NO-2 _ 3, and heavy metal ions Cd2 and Pb had little effect on PAC coagulation and algal removal. Clay minerals can promote coagulation removal of microcystis aeruginosa. The addition of diatomite has a superior coagulant effect on PAC coagulation and removal of algae, and can significantly improve the coagulation removal efficiency of microcystis aeruginosa, and save about 50% of PAC dosage at the same time. Diatomite combined with PAC was used to enhance coagulation. 6.0mg/LPAC 30.0mg/L diatomite was the more economical ratio. The removal rate of chlorophyll a Chl-a reached 96.06, and the residual turbidity decreased to 0.89 NTU. (3) the effects of pH value (pH value), co-anions so _ 2-4H _ 2PO _ 4 and Cl _ (-) on the removal of microcystis aeruginosa by enhanced coagulation with diatomite and PAC were investigated. It was found that the enhanced coagulation combined process was less sensitive to these factors and that the addition of diatomite alleviated to some extent the negative effects of HACT-MAB, co-anions so _ 2--4H _ 2PO _ 4 and Cl _ (-) on coagulation and algae removal, and reflected the superior algal removal performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU991.22

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