本文選題：單軸對(duì)稱 + 殘余應(yīng)力　； 參考：《沈陽建筑大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：焊接工字形截面是鋼梁常采用的截面形式之一,而單軸對(duì)稱焊接工字形梁與雙軸對(duì)稱焊接工字形梁相比有較好的應(yīng)用價(jià)值及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,因此其被越來越多的應(yīng)用于實(shí)際工程。在焊接過程中,不均勻溫度場(chǎng)會(huì)使截面內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生殘余應(yīng)力,因?yàn)楹附託堄鄳?yīng)力是影響梁穩(wěn)定性能不可忽視的因素之一,所以在計(jì)算梁整體穩(wěn)定承載力時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮焊接殘余應(yīng)力的影響。目前,對(duì)雙軸對(duì)稱焊接工字形截面的殘余應(yīng)力分布研究相對(duì)成熟,而對(duì)單軸對(duì)稱焊接工字形截面的研究較少,未見成熟的殘余應(yīng)力分布模型。本文結(jié)合以上研究現(xiàn)狀,通過試驗(yàn)分析了單軸對(duì)稱焊接工字形截面(剪切邊)縱向殘余應(yīng)力大小及其在截面上的分布規(guī)律,為建立單軸對(duì)稱焊接工字形截面殘余應(yīng)力的分布模型和深入研究考慮殘余應(yīng)力影響下單軸對(duì)稱工字形連續(xù)梁的穩(wěn)定性能奠定了基礎(chǔ)。盲孔法具有操作方便、適合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操作、經(jīng)濟(jì)省時(shí)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是一種被廣泛使用的試驗(yàn)方法。本文先采用盲孔法測(cè)量了雙軸對(duì)稱焊接工字形截面(剪切邊)的殘余應(yīng)力,將試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與已有的雙軸對(duì)稱焊接工字形截面殘余應(yīng)力分布模型對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn),試驗(yàn)值整體趨勢(shì)與分布模型吻合較好,隨后采用盲孔法對(duì)15個(gè)單軸對(duì)稱焊接工字形截面(剪切邊)的殘余應(yīng)力進(jìn)行了測(cè)量,研究了腹板高厚比、翼緣寬厚比、翼緣寬度、施焊順序等參數(shù)對(duì)殘余應(yīng)力分布的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：(1)殘余應(yīng)力在翼緣與腹板焊接處為拉應(yīng)力,在翼緣邊緣和腹板中部為壓應(yīng)力。腹板中部靠近寬翼緣一側(cè)的殘余壓應(yīng)力峰值大于靠近窄翼緣一側(cè)的壓應(yīng)力峰值。(2)當(dāng)保持腹板厚度不變,腹板高厚比的增大時(shí),翼緣和腹板上的殘余拉應(yīng)力有減小趨勢(shì),但并不明顯。而翼緣、腹板上的壓應(yīng)力峰值分別減小和增大。(3)當(dāng)翼緣厚度和寬窄翼緣寬度比保持不變時(shí),隨著翼緣寬厚比的增大,分布于腹板上的殘余應(yīng)力大小和形狀基本不變。翼緣上的殘余拉、壓應(yīng)力大小有減小的趨勢(shì)。(4)其余參數(shù)不變,只增加寬翼緣寬度時(shí),窄翼緣上的殘余應(yīng)力大小和分布未見明顯變化。寬翼緣和腹板上的殘余拉應(yīng)力峰值有較小的遞減趨勢(shì),而分布于寬翼緣和腹板殘余壓應(yīng)力數(shù)值有較明顯的降低。當(dāng)只增加窄翼緣寬度時(shí),分布于寬翼緣的殘余應(yīng)力無明顯變化。腹板和窄翼緣上的殘余拉應(yīng)力呈減小趨勢(shì),但并不明顯,殘余壓力則呈較明顯的減小趨勢(shì)。(5)施焊順序?qū)σ砭壣系臍堄鄳?yīng)力及腹板上的殘余拉應(yīng)力大小有一定影響,而對(duì)腹板上的殘余壓應(yīng)力影響甚微。采用交錯(cuò)焊接可有效降低截面上的殘余拉應(yīng)力大小,且先對(duì)寬翼緣一側(cè)進(jìn)行施焊時(shí)的殘余拉應(yīng)力峰值小于先對(duì)窄翼緣進(jìn)行施焊時(shí)的殘余拉應(yīng)力峰值。
[Abstract]:Welding I-shaped section is one of the common cross section forms of steel beam, and the uniaxial symmetrical welded I-shaped beam has better application value and economic benefit than that of double-axisymmetric welded I-shaped beam, so it is more and more used in practical engineering. In the welding process, the non-uniform temperature field will cause the residual stress in the section, because the welding residual stress is one of the factors which can not be ignored to affect the stability of the beam. Therefore, the influence of welding residual stress should be taken into account in the calculation of the overall stable bearing capacity of the beam. At present, the research on the distribution of residual stress in I-shaped section of double-axisymmetric welding is relatively mature, but there is little research on I-shaped section of single-axis symmetrical welding, and no mature model of residual stress distribution has been found. In this paper, the longitudinal residual stress of I-shaped section (shear edge) of uniaxial symmetrical welding and its distribution on the section are analyzed through experiments combined with the above research status. It lays a foundation for the establishment of the distribution model of the residual stress in the I-shaped section of uniaxial symmetry welding and for the further study of the stability of the I-shaped continuous beam with the consideration of the influence of the residual stress. Blind hole method is a widely used test method because it is easy to operate, suitable for field operation and economical and time saving. In this paper, the residual stress of I-shaped section (shear edge) of double-axisymmetric welding is measured by blind hole method. The experimental results are compared with the existing model of distribution of residual stress in I-shaped section of double-axisymmetric welding. The overall trend of the test data is in good agreement with the distribution model. Then the residual stress of 15 uniaxial symmetrical welded I-shaped sections (shear edges) is measured by blind hole method. The ratio of height to thickness of web and the width of flange are studied. Effects of welding sequence and other parameters on residual stress distribution. The experimental results show that the residual stress is tensile stress at the welding of the flange and web, and compressive stress at the edge of the flange and the middle of the web. The peak value of residual compressive stress near the side of the wide flange in the middle of the web is larger than that near the side of the narrow flange. 2) when the thickness of the web remains constant, the ratio of height to thickness of the web increases, the residual tensile stress on the flange and web decreases. But it's not obvious. When the flange thickness and the width ratio of the flange remain constant, the residual stress distribution on the web is almost unchanged with the increase of the flange width ratio. The residual stress on the flange has a decreasing trend. (4) the other parameters remain unchanged, but when the width of the flange is increased, the magnitude and distribution of the residual stress on the narrow flange have no obvious change. The peak value of residual tensile stress on wide flange and web has a small decreasing trend, while the value of residual compressive stress distributed in wide flange and web is obviously reduced. When the width of the flange is increased only, the residual stress distributed in the wide flange has no obvious change. The residual tensile stress on the web and the narrow flange is decreasing, but it is not obvious, but the residual pressure is decreasing obviously. The welding sequence has a certain influence on the residual stress on the flange and the residual tensile stress on the web. However, there is little effect on the residual compressive stress on the web. The residual tensile stress on the cross section can be reduced effectively by staggered welding, and the peak value of residual tensile stress on the wide flange is lower than that on the narrow flange.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU391

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