本文選題：應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所 + GIS　； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市及其居民的安全關(guān)系到城市的健康有序發(fā)展。隨著城市化進(jìn)程，城市安全問(wèn)題頻頻出現(xiàn)，自然災(zāi)害和人為事故不斷發(fā)生，威脅到城市及其居民的安全，城市在發(fā)展的同時(shí)也在積聚著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。城市應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所是應(yīng)對(duì)城市自然災(zāi)害和突發(fā)事件的重要場(chǎng)所，它的規(guī)劃布局影響著城市及其居民的應(yīng)急避難能力和規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的水平。自08年四川汶川地震后，應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的規(guī)劃建設(shè)問(wèn)題引起人們的廣泛關(guān)注。傳統(tǒng)的應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所規(guī)劃布局的研究多以定性研究為主，規(guī)劃布局建設(shè)或以以往經(jīng)驗(yàn)為依據(jù)或先建設(shè)后規(guī)劃，缺乏對(duì)城市應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所規(guī)劃布局的科學(xué)理性分析，導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)有應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的規(guī)劃布局存在一定的盲目性�；诂F(xiàn)有的研究成果，本文借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的研究結(jié)論，以及國(guó)內(nèi)外部分城市應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的規(guī)劃建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在分析城市應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的基本內(nèi)涵和設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)上，以長(zhǎng)沙市為例，對(duì)長(zhǎng)沙市應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的規(guī)劃布局現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行深入調(diào)查研究，實(shí)地考察長(zhǎng)沙市現(xiàn)有應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所，并就應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所與居民進(jìn)行訪談，，切實(shí)了解長(zhǎng)沙市應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀，分析長(zhǎng)沙市應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所建設(shè)的特點(diǎn)和存在的問(wèn)題。參考國(guó)內(nèi)外防災(zāi)規(guī)劃體系對(duì)應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行等級(jí)規(guī)劃，將長(zhǎng)沙市應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所分為市級(jí)、區(qū)級(jí)、社區(qū)級(jí)三個(gè)等級(jí)，不同等級(jí)的應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所在規(guī)模大小、服務(wù)范圍、配套設(shè)施等方面有不同設(shè)置要求，方便管理和組織應(yīng)急救援行動(dòng)。并試圖運(yùn)用GIS空間分析技術(shù)，如緩沖分析、疊加分析、網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析等方法，對(duì)長(zhǎng)沙市應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所規(guī)劃布局進(jìn)行現(xiàn)狀分析，定量描述應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所服務(wù)缺口。結(jié)合長(zhǎng)沙市實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的需求預(yù)測(cè)，進(jìn)而結(jié)合長(zhǎng)沙市市區(qū)區(qū)劃進(jìn)行應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所分級(jí)規(guī)劃，結(jié)合長(zhǎng)沙市適宜建設(shè)應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所用地與不適宜建設(shè)應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所用地分析進(jìn)行用地布局規(guī)劃，根據(jù)不同等級(jí)應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所配套設(shè)施設(shè)置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行配套設(shè)施規(guī)劃，在現(xiàn)有道路結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所布局進(jìn)行避難疏散道路規(guī)劃。最后，對(duì)長(zhǎng)沙市應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的規(guī)劃建設(shè)提出一些建議，如應(yīng)該建立應(yīng)急避難網(wǎng)絡(luò)，建立并完善GIS應(yīng)急避難系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，分期規(guī)劃建設(shè)應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所，避難場(chǎng)所用地的復(fù)合使用以及針對(duì)不同災(zāi)害與事件設(shè)置應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所，提高公眾防災(zāi)避難意識(shí)等，以期為長(zhǎng)沙市應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所建設(shè)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和參考。雖然對(duì)于應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的研究已經(jīng)有很多，但是還沒(méi)有形成完善的、切實(shí)可行的操作系統(tǒng)，也沒(méi)有比較完善的管理制度，人們對(duì)于應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所缺乏必要的了解。因此，對(duì)于應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所的應(yīng)用性研究與探討還是十分有必要。
[Abstract]:The safety of the city and its residents is related to the healthy and orderly development of the city. With the process of urbanization, urban security problems appear frequently, natural disasters and man-made accidents occur constantly, threatening the safety of cities and their residents, while the city is also accumulating risks. Urban emergency shelter is an important place to deal with urban natural disasters and emergencies. Its layout affects the ability of emergency shelter and the level of avoiding risks of the city and its residents. Since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, the planning and construction of emergency shelters has attracted wide attention. The traditional research on the layout of emergency shelter is mainly qualitative, and the planning layout is based on the previous experience or the planning after the construction, which lacks the scientific and rational analysis of the layout of the emergency shelter in the city. As a result, there is blindness in the planning and layout of existing emergency shelters. Based on the existing research results, this paper draws lessons from the research conclusions of domestic and foreign scholars, as well as the planning and construction experience of some urban emergency shelters at home and abroad, on the basis of analyzing the basic connotation and design standards of urban emergency shelters. Taking Changsha as an example, the planning and layout status of emergency shelter in Changsha is investigated, and the existing emergency shelter in Changsha is investigated on the spot, and the residents are interviewed about the emergency shelter. To understand the present situation of emergency shelter construction in Changsha, and analyze the characteristics and problems of emergency shelter construction in Changsha. Referring to the disaster prevention planning system at home and abroad, the emergency shelter in Changsha is divided into three levels: city level, district level and community level. Supporting facilities and other aspects of different requirements for the management and organization of emergency rescue operations. Using GIS spatial analysis technology, such as buffer analysis, superposition analysis, network analysis and so on, this paper attempts to analyze the present situation of the layout of emergency shelter in Changsha, and quantitatively describe the service gap of emergency shelter. According to the actual situation of Changsha City, the demand for emergency shelter is forecasted, and then the emergency shelter planning is carried out according to the urban zoning of Changsha City. According to the analysis of the suitable and unsuitable sites for emergency shelter construction in Changsha, the layout planning of the land is carried out, and the supporting facilities are planned according to the setting standards of the supporting facilities of different levels of emergency shelters. On the basis of the existing road structure, the emergency evacuation road planning is carried out in combination with the emergency shelter layout. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the planning and construction of emergency asylum sites in Changsha, such as the establishment of emergency shelter network, the establishment and improvement of GIS emergency asylum system database, and the planning and construction of emergency asylum sites by stages. In order to provide scientific basis and reference for the construction of emergency shelter in Changsha City, the compound use of refuge sites and emergency shelters for different disasters and events, and raising the public awareness of disaster prevention and asylum, are proposed in order to provide a scientific basis and reference for the construction of emergency shelters in Changsha. Although there has been a lot of research on emergency shelter, but there is no perfect, feasible operating system, there is no more perfect management system, people lack the necessary understanding of emergency shelter. Therefore, it is necessary to study and discuss the application of emergency shelter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU984.116

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