本文選題：近人空間 + 尺度　； 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：尺度的研究是一個古老而又全新的問題，從維特魯威（Vitrurius）在《建筑十書》中開始，許多學(xué)者都對其進行探討如阿爾伯蒂（Alberti）、卡米洛·西特（camilo sitte）和蘆原義信（Ashihara）等。其中日本建筑師蘆原義信關(guān)于街道空間尺度的研究影響非常廣泛，只是這些學(xué)者所研究針對的都是傳統(tǒng)城市的尺度，隨著時代的發(fā)展，，在當(dāng)今現(xiàn)代大尺度的城市設(shè)計中，簡單套用過去的理論會有一定的局限性。由此本文引入近人空間視角，以此對城市街道空間尺度的量化展開探索，旨在彌補傳統(tǒng)理論的局限性，為我國城市設(shè)計中保證近人空間的人性尺度提供有效的控制手段。 在理論探索部分，論文引入SPSS數(shù)理分析軟件及SD分析法，研究上海八條具有代表性的街道空間，研究人的空間感知與街道尺度客體指標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系。研究表明，在影響人對街道感知的尺度客體因子中，街道絕對尺度的影響力最大，街道貼線率和界面面寬的影響力次之，路徑連接密度對空間感知基本沒有影響。街道的連續(xù)性、中心感等感知較為復(fù)雜，無法為本次調(diào)查所選取的客體指標(biāo)所解釋�？腕w指標(biāo)與評價因子之間存在交叉影響，客體指標(biāo)預(yù)期相關(guān)評價因子與分析所得相關(guān)評價因子存在差異性。街道空間的圍合性與預(yù)期的街道相對尺度并不相關(guān)，而是與街道絕對尺度強相關(guān)。隨后通過客體指標(biāo)與評價因子得分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)進行回歸分析得出空間感知的指標(biāo)臨界點及心理尺度范圍。 在上文研究基礎(chǔ)上，論文首先對影響近人空間“圍合性”的街道絕對尺度展開研究，從心理尺度、道路交通、街區(qū)利用、視覺認(rèn)知、國外經(jīng)驗等幾個影響因子的共同作用下推導(dǎo)出適宜的街道絕對尺度指標(biāo)。在得出適宜的街道絕對尺度后，通過人的視域分析得到合適的街道相對尺度，推導(dǎo)出沿街建筑高度，并從近人空間視角提出了超過街道控制限高時保持尺度適宜性的三種處理方式。之后，為創(chuàng)造適宜的城市街道絕對與相對尺度以及為具有活力的城市街道提供物質(zhì)空間形態(tài)基礎(chǔ)，本文從外在與內(nèi)在兩方面提出了有效策略，并提出了街區(qū)的理想模型。 接著對近人空間的“連續(xù)性”形態(tài)展開研究。通過中西城市的取樣，發(fā)現(xiàn)街區(qū)肌理對空間連續(xù)性有很大影響，近人空間的“連續(xù)性”不只是單一因素的影響，它既受到街區(qū)“建筑密度”的影響，也受到街區(qū)“貼線率”的影響。由此對影響街道連續(xù)性的“街區(qū)建筑密度”進行分析，通過對74個國內(nèi)外500×500m公共街區(qū)范圍的數(shù)理統(tǒng)計與分析，得到了當(dāng)前規(guī)劃控制管理下的地塊建筑密度偏低，并藉此提出街區(qū)應(yīng)保證“適宜的建筑密度”的控制理念，提高地塊建筑密度指標(biāo)到50%的建議。隨后對貼線率展開分析，通過對上海、天津樣本的調(diào)查和國內(nèi)外案例取樣分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)中、西方城市傳統(tǒng)街區(qū)貼線率較好，而中國新城區(qū)街區(qū)界面多為凹凸錯落，貼線率偏低，以分析的客觀數(shù)值理論為研究基礎(chǔ)，發(fā)現(xiàn)70%是貼線率的臨界指標(biāo)，在此數(shù)據(jù)之上空間界面連續(xù)性、圍合性較強。 將“街道絕對尺度與相對尺度”與街區(qū)“貼線率與建筑密度”相結(jié)合的量化指標(biāo)運用于城市設(shè)計導(dǎo)則中，提出以街區(qū)為單元和以近人空間為單元的主要參數(shù)指標(biāo)，最后提出了在城市設(shè)計中保證近人空間尺度適宜性的設(shè)計策略。
[Abstract]:The study of scale is an old and new problem. From Vitrurius (Vitrurius) in the ten book of architecture, many scholars have discussed it, such as Alberti, Camilo Sitte (Camilo Sitte) and Ashihara Yoshinobu (Ashihara). Among them, the study of street space scale by Japanese architect Ashihara Yoshinobu It is often extensive, but these scholars have studied the scale of the traditional city. With the development of the times, the simple application of the past theory in modern large scale urban design will have some limitations. This paper introduces the perspective of near human space to explore the quantitative analysis of urban street space scale, aiming at making up for the transmission of the urban street space. The limitations of the unified theory provide effective control means for ensuring the human dimension of close space in urban design.
In the theoretical exploration part, the paper introduces the SPSS mathematical analysis software and the SD analysis method to study eight representative street spaces in Shanghai, and study the relationship between the spatial perception of human and the object index of the street scale. The influence of the line rate and the interface width is the second. The path connection density has no influence on the spatial perception. The continuity and the center sense of the street are more complex, which can not be explained by the object index selected by this survey. There is a cross influence between the object index and the evaluation factor, and the objective index is expected to be related to the evaluation factors and the analysis The correlation of the correlation evaluation factors is different. The enclosure of street space is not related to the expected Street relative scale, but is strongly related to the street absolute scale. Then the regression analysis of the object index and evaluation factor score data is used to get the critical point of spatial perception and the range of the heart scale.
On the basis of the previous study, the paper first studies the street absolute scale affecting the "enclosure" of the near human space, and derives the appropriate Street absolute scale indicators from the common effects of psychological scale, road traffic, block utilization, visual cognition, foreign experience and other factors. The cross view analysis obtains the appropriate Street relative scale, derives the height of the building along the street, and puts forward three ways to handle the scale suitability when the street control limit is high from the perspective of the near human space. After that, it provides the material space for the creation of the appropriate urban street and the relative scale for the dynamic urban streets. Form basis, this paper puts forward effective strategies from two aspects: external and internal, and puts forward the ideal model of block.
Then, the "continuity" form of the near human space is studied. Through the sampling of the Chinese and western cities, it is found that the block texture has a great influence on the spatial continuity. The "continuity" of the near human space is not only the influence of a single factor, it is influenced by the "building density" of the block, but also influenced by the "line rate" of the block. The "block building density" of the street continuity is analyzed. Through the statistics and analysis of 74 domestic and foreign 500 x 500m public block scope, the density of the block building under the current planning control management is low, and the control concept of "suitable building density" should be guaranteed to improve the density of the block building. The 50% proposal was marked. Then the line rate was analyzed. Through the investigation of Shanghai, Tianjin sample and case sampling analysis at home and abroad, it was found that the line rate of traditional blocks in the western cities was better, but the block interface of the new urban districts in the new urban area of China was mostly concave and convex, the line rate was low, and the analysis of the objective numerical theory was based on the analysis of the objective numerical theory and found that the 70% was a line of sticking lines. On the data above, the continuity of the spatial interface is stronger and the encircling property is stronger.
The quantitative index of "street absolute scale and relative scale" combined with "line rate and building density" in the block is applied to the guidelines of urban design, and the main parameter indexes of block units and near human space are proposed. Finally, a design strategy to ensure the suitability of near human space in urban design is put forward.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU984.113

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