發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-03 12:30

  本文選題：消毒副產(chǎn)物 + 三氯乙醛��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的新《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB5749-2006)中,水質(zhì)檢測(cè)項(xiàng)目增添至106項(xiàng),其中消毒指標(biāo)被列為常規(guī)項(xiàng)目。給水處理末端消毒工藝在滅活水體中的種種致病微生物的同時(shí),也會(huì)生成一系列鹵代化合物,即消毒副產(chǎn)物。除去三鹵甲烷和鹵乙酸外,鹵乙醛是消毒副產(chǎn)物的又一大組成部分,其中又以三氯乙醛(在水中以水合氯醛的形式存在)為主�？紤]到消毒副產(chǎn)物三氯乙醛在水廠出水中的廣泛存在,本課題將三氯乙醛作為研究對(duì)象,考察了管網(wǎng)條件下其水解、氧化和還原的降解性質(zhì),以及非管網(wǎng)條件下三氯乙醛紫外光解、揮發(fā)性、超聲降解、微波降解、活性炭吸附和反滲透去除的性質(zhì)。藉此本文完善了三氯乙醛降解去除性質(zhì)方面的研究,為提高飲用水的安全性提供了一定的科學(xué)依據(jù)。管網(wǎng)條件下實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示:三氯乙醛的水解反應(yīng)明顯受溶液p H和溫度的影響,隨p H和溫度的提高而加快;三氯乙醛可以被高濃度的余氯氧化,而不能被氯胺氧化;三氯乙醛可以通過(guò)脫氯反應(yīng)被鐵粉還原,且在溶液p H為4.0~6.0的范圍內(nèi)有最佳的還原效果。但在實(shí)際的管網(wǎng)條件下,受限于p H、溫度、余氯量等因素,三氯乙醛的水解、氧化和還原降解效果并不佳。非管網(wǎng)條件下的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示:三氯乙醛的紫外光解反應(yīng)明顯受溶液p H和紫外燈功率的影響,隨溶液p H和紫外燈功率的提高而加快;且在相近的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,三氯乙醛紫外光解的反應(yīng)速率明顯大于三氯乙醛水解反應(yīng)的速率。與三氯乙醛水解反應(yīng)的主要產(chǎn)物(為三氯甲烷)相比,其紫外光解反應(yīng)的主要產(chǎn)物則是氯離子,降解地更徹底。在干擾物對(duì)三氯乙醛紫外光解反應(yīng)的影響中,I-和NO3-起到促進(jìn)作用,在同等濃度下,I-的促進(jìn)效果明顯優(yōu)于NO3-;腐殖酸則起抑制作用;Cl-沒(méi)有明顯地影響。這說(shuō)明存在紫外吸收峰的物質(zhì)會(huì)影響三氯乙醛的紫外光解反應(yīng)速率,或促進(jìn)或抑制。紫外降解法對(duì)溶液中的三氯乙醛有較可觀的去除效果,且無(wú)二次污染。此外,在非管網(wǎng)條件下,對(duì)于去除溶液中三氯乙醛,加熱/微波煮沸和反滲透法具有快捷、高效的特點(diǎn),前者能高效去除自來(lái)水中的三氯乙醛,而后者能不受p H和初始濃度的影響;吸附法有一定的去除效果,但受吸附劑和流速的影響顯著;攪拌法和超聲法則基本無(wú)效。
[Abstract]:In the current "Sanitary Standard for domestic drinking Water" GB5749-2006, 106 items of water quality testing were added, among which disinfection indexes were listed as routine items. While inactivating various pathogenic microorganisms in water, a series of halogenated compounds, that is, disinfection by-products, are produced by the end disinfection process of water treatment. Apart from trihalomethane and haloacetic acid, halogen acetaldehyde is another major component of disinfection by-products, in which trichloroacetaldehyde (in the form of chloral hydrate in water) is the main component. Considering the widespread presence of disinfection by-product trichloroacetaldehyde in the effluent of a water plant, the degradation properties of chloral in hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction under the condition of pipe network were investigated. The properties of UV photolysis, volatility, ultrasonic degradation, microwave degradation, activated carbon adsorption and reverse osmosis removal of trichloroacetaldehyde under non-pipeline conditions were also discussed. In this paper, the study on the degradation and removal of trichloroacetaldehyde has been improved, which provides a scientific basis for improving the safety of drinking water. The experimental results show that the hydrolysis of trichloroacetaldehyde is obviously influenced by pH and temperature of solution, and accelerated with the increase of pH and temperature, and that trichloroacetaldehyde can be oxidized by high concentration of residual chlorine, but not by chloramine. Trichloroacetaldehyde can be reduced by iron powder through dechlorination, and the best reduction effect is obtained in the range of pH 4.0 ~ 6.0. However, under the actual pipe network conditions, the hydrolysis, oxidation and reduction of trichloroacetaldehyde are not good due to the factors such as pH, temperature, residual chlorine content and so on. The experimental results show that the UV photolysis reaction of trichloroacetaldehyde is obviously affected by the power of solution pH and UV lamp, which is accelerated with the increase of power of solution pH and UV lamp, and under the similar experimental conditions, the UV photodissociation reaction of trichloroacetaldehyde is obviously affected by the power of solution pH and UV lamp. The UV photolysis rate of trichloroacetaldehyde is obviously higher than that of trichloroacetaldehyde hydrolysis. Compared with the main product of the hydrolysis of trichloroacetaldehyde (trichloromethane), the main product of the UV photolysis reaction is chloride ion, which is degraded more thoroughly. I- and NO3- promoted the ultraviolet photolysis reaction of trichloroacetaldehyde, and the effect of I- was better than that of No3 at the same concentration, but humic acid had no obvious effect on it. It is suggested that the UV absorption peak may affect the UV photolysis rate of trichloroacetaldehyde, or promote or inhibit the UV photodissociation of trichloroacetaldehyde. The UV degradation method has a considerable removal effect of trichloroacetaldehyde in the solution and has no secondary pollution. In addition, the heating / microwave boiling and reverse osmosis methods are fast and efficient for the removal of trichloroacetaldehyde from the solution under non-pipe network conditions. The former can effectively remove trichloroacetaldehyde from tap water. The latter can not be affected by pH and initial concentration; adsorption method has a certain removal effect, but is significantly affected by adsorbent and flow rate; stirring method and ultrasonic rule are basically ineffective.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.2

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