本文選題：離子交換樹脂 + 合成條件�。� 參考：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：飲用水原水中的硝酸鹽污染已引起全球廣泛關(guān)注。為經(jīng)濟(jì)高效地去除飲用水中的硝酸鹽，通過1,4-二氯甲氧基丁烷和三乙胺分別對聚苯乙烯交聯(lián)微球進(jìn)行氯甲基化和胺化反應(yīng)，制得了一種大孔型強(qiáng)堿性陰離子交換樹脂，并利用傅里葉紅外光譜法對其化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了表征。通過控制反應(yīng)條件，考察了各個(gè)影響因素對氯甲基化反應(yīng)以及胺化反應(yīng)的影響，得出了最佳合成工藝，并對合成出的離子交換樹脂分別進(jìn)行靜態(tài)和動態(tài)硝酸鹽的吸附行為研究，得到以下結(jié)論： (1)聚苯乙烯交聯(lián)微球的氯甲基化反應(yīng)最佳反應(yīng)條件為：溶脹劑——二氯甲烷的量為10mL g-1，四氯化錫用量為1.125mL g-1，BCMB用量為1.798g g-1，反應(yīng)時(shí)間為6小時(shí)，當(dāng)白球交聯(lián)度為4時(shí)，在上述條件下可以得到氯含量接近16%的氯球。 (2)氯甲基化的聚苯乙烯交聯(lián)微球最佳的胺化反應(yīng)條件為：溶脹劑選用甲酰胺，三乙胺的量為理論用量的3倍，反應(yīng)溫度控制為60℃，反應(yīng)時(shí)間為8h。在此反應(yīng)條件下可得到全交換容量為2.4mmol/g的強(qiáng)堿性陰離子交換樹脂。 (3)此離子交換樹脂的對硝酸鹽的吸附在40min可達(dá)平衡狀態(tài)；溫度與溶液酸堿度對硝酸鹽的吸附無顯著影響；此吸附過程符合偽二級動力學(xué)和Langmuir等溫方程，屬于化學(xué)吸附，顆粒擴(kuò)散是速度控制步驟，根據(jù)計(jì)算式可得吸附量為18.34mg·g-1；選擇性系數(shù)表明，此離子交換樹脂對硝酸根具有選擇吸附效果；對樹脂的靜態(tài)再生結(jié)果表明，最佳再生液NaCl濃度為8%，再生時(shí)間為30min，再生10次后樹脂的再生率扔可保持在98%以上。 (4)連續(xù)流試驗(yàn)中離子交換柱的穿透時(shí)間和泄露時(shí)間分別為10小時(shí)和12小時(shí)，連續(xù)試驗(yàn)三次穿透曲線無明顯變化，說明此離子交換柱的對硝酸鹽的去除效果良好，且再生性能優(yōu)良；當(dāng)分別用8%和4%的氯化鈉對離子交換柱進(jìn)行反沖再生時(shí)，再生時(shí)間分別為1小時(shí)和2小時(shí)，，綜合工業(yè)生產(chǎn)需要，最佳再生液選用8%的氯化鈉；根據(jù)公式計(jì)算出此離子交換樹脂的動態(tài)吸附量為17.85mg·g-1，與靜態(tài)試驗(yàn)所得吸附量18.34mg·g-1相差不多，但略有下降。
[Abstract]:Nitrate pollution in drinking water has attracted worldwide attention. In order to remove nitrate from drinking water economically and efficiently, a macroporous strongly basic anion exchange resin was prepared by chloromethylation and amination of crosslinked polystyrene microspheres by 1o 4-dichloromethoxybutane and triethylamine, respectively. The chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). By controlling the reaction conditions, the effects of various factors on chloromethylation and amination reaction were investigated, and the optimum synthesis process was obtained. The adsorption behavior of the synthesized ion-exchange resin was studied by static and dynamic nitrate adsorption, respectively. The following conclusions were drawn: The optimum reaction conditions for chloromethylation of crosslinked polystyrene microspheres were as follows: the amount of dilatant-dichloromethane was 10mL g-1, the amount of tin tetrachloride was 1.798g / g -1, the reaction time was 6 hours, and the crosslinking degree of white sphere was 4. Under the above conditions, chlorine balls with chlorine content of nearly 16% can be obtained. The optimum amination conditions for chloromethylated polystyrene crosslinked microspheres were as follows: formamide was used as swelling agent, triethylamine was 3 times of theoretical dosage, reaction temperature was 60 鈩

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