本文選題：大型商業(yè)綜合體 + 火災(zāi)　； 參考：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近十幾年來(lái)，我國(guó)的大型商場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)理念已從傳統(tǒng)單一的百貨商店轉(zhuǎn)向綜合性的大型商業(yè)中心。這一商業(yè)模式的轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)谕苿?dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展、改善人民生活水平的同時(shí)，也在考量著大型商業(yè)綜合體疏散設(shè)計(jì)的安全性、可靠性及日常安全管理的水平。為應(yīng)對(duì)這一挑戰(zhàn)，本文從消防安全工程學(xué)的基本原理出發(fā)，以某大型商業(yè)綜合體為對(duì)象，采用正交試驗(yàn)方法對(duì)人員疏散行動(dòng)時(shí)間的影響因素進(jìn)行分析，并對(duì)分階段疏散模式下人員疏散的安全性進(jìn)行評(píng)估論證。完成的主要工作和結(jié)論如下： （1）大型商業(yè)綜合體由于其體量和面積均較大，可能存在且影響人員疏散安全性的設(shè)計(jì)難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，主要包括疏散樓梯首次出口無(wú)法直接通向室外、疏散距離過(guò)長(zhǎng)及疏散寬度不足等。 （2）通過(guò)從國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、國(guó)內(nèi)文獻(xiàn)實(shí)地調(diào)研結(jié)果等方面分析疏散人數(shù)換算系數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及依據(jù)，以及對(duì)人員構(gòu)成、人員行走速度、疏散出口的有效寬度等大型商業(yè)綜合體疏散設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行分析，為更為科學(xué)合理的選擇疏散寬度設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算參數(shù)提供了依據(jù)和參考。 （3）以某大型商業(yè)綜合體為研究對(duì)象，通過(guò)正交數(shù)值模擬試驗(yàn)，比較分析了大型商業(yè)綜合體疏散設(shè)計(jì)中各因素對(duì)人員疏散行動(dòng)時(shí)間的影響。結(jié)果表明，疏散人數(shù)換算系數(shù)、行走速度、疏散出口的有效寬度是影響大型商業(yè)綜合體人員疏散行動(dòng)時(shí)間的主要因素，它們對(duì)人員疏散行動(dòng)時(shí)間的影響率分別為92.67%、2.44%和2.33%。 （4）結(jié)合大型商業(yè)綜合體的建筑特點(diǎn)，引入了“階段性疏散”的疏散模式。利用理論計(jì)算方法對(duì)某大型商業(yè)綜合體人員疏散時(shí)間進(jìn)行計(jì)算分析，結(jié)果表明采取分階段疏散模式，可有效提高疏散效率，減少疏散時(shí)間。 （5）運(yùn)行消防工程學(xué)基本原理對(duì)分階段疏散和整體疏散兩種模式下人員疏散的安全性進(jìn)行了定性和定量評(píng)估分析。通過(guò)對(duì)火災(zāi)發(fā)展蔓延進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬和人員疏散模擬計(jì)算可知，發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)，，整體疏散不能保證人員疏散的安全性，而按火災(zāi)發(fā)生位置，結(jié)合火災(zāi)的發(fā)展蔓延規(guī)律，合理安全疏散順序，進(jìn)行分階段疏散，能夠?qū)⑺腥藛T在危險(xiǎn)來(lái)臨之前疏散至安全區(qū)域，提高人員疏散的安全性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the design concept of large shopping malls in our country has changed from the traditional single department store to the comprehensive large commercial center. The transformation of this business model not only promotes the rapid development of economy and improves people's living standard, but also considers the safety, reliability and daily safety management level of evacuation design of large-scale commercial complex. In order to meet this challenge, based on the basic principle of fire safety engineering and taking a large commercial complex as an object, the factors influencing the time of evacuation are analyzed by orthogonal test method. The safety of personnel evacuation under the stage evacuation mode is evaluated and demonstrated. The main tasks and conclusions accomplished are as follows: Due to the large volume and area of large commercial complex, there may be some difficult design problems which may affect the safety of evacuation, including the evacuation staircase exit can not be directly outside for the first time. The evacuation distance is too long and the evacuation width is insufficient. (2) by analyzing the design criteria and basis of the conversion coefficient of evacuees from the aspects of national standards, local standards, and field investigation results of domestic literature, as well as the composition of personnel, the speed of walking of personnel, The evacuation design parameters of large commercial complex, such as the effective width of evacuation exit, are analyzed, which provides the basis and reference for more scientific and reasonable selection of evacuation width design and calculation parameters. 3) taking a large commercial complex as an object of study, the effects of various factors on evacuation time in evacuation design of large commercial complex are compared and analyzed by orthogonal numerical simulation test. The results show that the conversion coefficient of evacuation population, the walking speed and the effective width of evacuation exit are the main factors affecting the evacuation time of large commercial complex, and their influence rates on evacuation action time are 92.67% and 2.33%, respectively. Combined with the architectural characteristics of large commercial complex, the evacuation mode of "stage evacuation" is introduced. The method of theoretical calculation is used to calculate and analyze the evacuation time of a large commercial complex. The results show that adopting the phased evacuation mode can effectively improve the evacuation efficiency and reduce the evacuation time. 5) the safety of personnel evacuation under the two modes of staged evacuation and overall evacuation is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively according to the basic principle of running fire protection engineering. Through numerical simulation and personnel evacuation simulation of fire development and spread, it can be seen that overall evacuation can not guarantee the safety of evacuation in case of fire, but according to the location of fire, combined with the rule of fire development and spread, Reasonable safety evacuation sequence and step by step evacuation can evacuate all personnel to the safe area before the danger comes and improve the safety of evacuation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU998.1

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本文編號(hào)：1801082